LOCATION ZODA                    NV

Established Series
Rev. BAL/JFH/TM/JBF
03/2016

ZODA SERIES

The Zoda series consists of moderately deep to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff. The Zoda soils are on fan remnants. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy, glassy, mesic Haploxeralfic Argidurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Zoda gravelly ashy sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with approximately 15 percent gravel.

A--0 to 13 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly ashy sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak thin and medium platy structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bt--13 to 38 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly ashy sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 64 cm thick)

Btk--38 to 61 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly ashy sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; few distinct secondary calcium carbonate concretions on bottom of rock fragments; 15 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 25 cm thick)

Bqkm1--61 to 81 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; massive; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots; weakly cemented by secondary silica with common strongly cemented lenses; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear irregular boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Bqkm2--81 to 152 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) cemented material, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) moist; massive; extremely hard, extremely firm; strongly cemented by secondary silica; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; approximately 8 miles southwest of Atlanta; 4,700660 south feet north and 3,0002,225 feet eastwest of the southeast northwest corner of section 5, T. 6 N., R. 67 E.; USGS Horse Corral Pass 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 24 minutes 55 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 28 minutes and 48 54 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall and intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September from convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 36 to 76 cm.
Depth to duripan: 50 to 100 cm.
Profile reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 20 to 27 percent.
Rock Fragments: 15 to 35 percent, mainly gravel.

A horizon
Value 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent in the material less than 2 mm.

Bt horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent in the material less than 2 mm.

Btk horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Calcium carbonate: 5 to 15 percent in the material less than 2 mm.

Bqkm horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Cementation: Continuously weakly cemented; subhorizons are weakly cemented to strongly cemented. Cylindrical durinodes in a cemented matrix are common.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zoda soils are on fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Elevations are 1,480 to 2,000 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid. Mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free season is about 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cath, Chuckridge, and Handpah soils. Cath soils lack a duripan. Handpah and Chuckridge soils are shallow to a duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic.

USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation is Wyoming big sagebrush, bottlebrush squirrletail, and Indian ricegrass. This pedon is correlated to Ecological Site R028AY015NV, Loamy 8-10 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada, North Part, 1992. The name is coined.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 13 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 13 to 61 cm (Bt and Btk horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 61 to 152 cm (Bqkm1 and Bqkm2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 13 to 61 cm (Bt and Btk horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.