LOCATION ACKWATER VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, subactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults
TYPICIAL PEDON: Ackwater silt loam-on a 4 percent slope. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (lOYR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, sticky, slightly plastic; few medium roots; few very fine pores; few faint discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (lOYR 5/8) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; few very fine pores; common prominent clay films on
faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--16 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silty clay; many coarse distinct light gray (lOYR 7/1) iron depletions and common medium prominent red 2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; few very fine pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds;
very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--28 to 52 inches; mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), light gray (lOYR 7/1), red (2.5YR 4/8), and brownish yellow (lOYR 6/8) silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate very thick platy parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; few very fine roots along faces of peds; common prominent clay
films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg--52 to 72 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/0) silty clay; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; very firm, sticky, plastic; common prominent clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 50 to 80 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Prince George County, Virginia at Prince George Courthouse; approximately 2,400 feet east of junction of VA-106; VA-634, and 150 feet north of Gregory Chapel in the woods.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60 inches. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 2 percent throughout the soil. The soil ranges from extremely acid through strongly acid unless limed. Aluminum saturation on the exchanges complex is commonly greater than 50 percent, and commonly ranges from 5 to 15 meq/100 grams of soil.
The A horizon has hue of lOYR or 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Texture is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. In eroded areas, texture is silty clay loam or clay loam.
The E horizon,where present, has hue of lOYR or 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. Texture is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The lower part of the Bt horizon and the BC horizon, where present, is neutral or has hue of lOYR or 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 0 through 8 or. They are multicolored in shades of brown, gray, yellow and red. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
COMPETING SERIES: (This section not reviewed this date; series reclassified as fine and subactive) These are the Angie, Chrysler,and Tiak. Similar soils in related families include Caroline, Duplin, and Persanti. Angie soils have an apparent water table at 36 to 60 inches and climatic conditions which result in lower crop yields. Chrysler soils dominately have redder hue in the Bt horizon and low shrink-swell potential in the substratum. Tiak soils have hue of 5YR or redder in the Bt horizon. Caroline soils do not have low chroma mottles within 30 inches of the surface. Duplin and Persanti soils have kaolinitic mineralogy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING Ackwater soils are on nearly level to steep landscapes of the upper Coastal Plain. They formed in fluvial sediments. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual temperature is 59 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 42 inches near the type location. Elevation at type location is about 130 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aycock, Emporia, Montross, Norfolk, and Kinston soils. Aycock and Montross soils are on similar landscape positions and have a fine-silty particle-size control section. In addition, Montross soils have between 40 and 60 percent brittleness in the Bt horizon. Emporia and Norfolk soils have a fine-loamy particle-size control section. Kinston soils are on nearby floodplains and are frequently flooded.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; slow to rapid runoff; slow permeability. A perched water table is at a depth of 1B to 36 inches below the surface from late fall through early spring.
USE AND VEGETATION: Ackwater soils are used primarily for woodland and some pasture. The woodland is mixed hardwoods and pine. A small acreage is used for cropland. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, wheat and barley. Important tree species include loblolly pine, southern red oak, white oak, yellow-poplar, and sweetgum.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Plain in Virginia and possibly North Carolina, and Alabama. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Prince George County, Virginia; 1980.
REMARKS: These soils Have been included with the Duplin series in past mapping.
Diagnostic Horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. A Quic - 2 chroma mottles in the top 30 inches of the argillic. b. Argillic Horizon - Between 9 and 72 inches.
c. Palic - Clay does not decrease by 20 percent, from 40 inches of the surface of the Argillic.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle-size, chemical, and mineralogy data are available for the typical pedon (77 VA 149-27-(2-4). Data is from VPI soils Lab.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0142 ACKWATER 0- 25 59- 63 190-240 40- 52 5- 250SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0142 NONE 1.5-3.0 PERCHED NOV-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0142 0- 5 FSL L SIL 0- 0 95-100 8-15 - VA0142 0- 5 CL SICL 0- 0 95-100 27-40 - VA0142 5-16 L CL SICL 0- 0 95-100 25-40 - VA0142 16-72 SICL SIC C 0- 0 95-100 35-60 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0142 0- 5 3.6- 5.5 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW VA0142 0- 5 3.6- 5.5 .3-.8 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 MODERATE VA0142 5-16 3.6- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 MODERATE VA0142 16-72 3.6- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.06- 0.2 HIGH