LOCATION AFTAD WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Aftad very fine sandy loam, on convex, west-facing slope of 2 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 322 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
E--18 to 33 centimeters; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
B/E--33 to 56 centimeters; about 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam (Bt) and about 40 percent tongues of pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1--56 to 69 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--69 to 109 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; few very thin strata of very fine sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C--109 to 152 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) very fine sandy loam with thin strata of fine sand, very fine sand, and silt; massive; breaks to weak thick plates along textural strata; friable; few medium faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 90B-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part, Clark County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 1/2 miles southwest of Christie; located about 300 feet west and 1,600 feet south of northeast corner section 21 T. 25 N., R. 2 W.; USGS Loyal West topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 38 minutes 08 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 37 minutes and 12 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to stratified, loamy lacustrine deposits--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to redoximorphic features--100 centimeters
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel and cobbles
Ap horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 or 4, greater than 5.5, dry
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--5 to 12 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
A horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3, greater than 5.5 dry
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--5 to 12 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--2 to 10 centimeters
E horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3, value and chroma of 4/3 or 5/3 have value of 7 or more, dry
Texture--very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, loamy sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content--3 to 12 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
E/B or B/E horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, loamy sand or loamy fine sand
Clay content--8 to 15 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--5 to 75 centimeters
Bt horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--8 to 15 percent
Reaction--4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--12 to 65 centimeters
Some pedons have thin strata of coarser or finer texture in the lower part
C horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--stratified and dominantly fine sand, very fine sand, very fine sandy loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam with thin strata of coarser or finer texture
Clay content--1 to 12 percent
Sand content (weighted average)--less than 75 percent
Reaction--5.1 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.50 to 1.75 g/cc
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Blowers,
Freeon,
Frogcreek,
Milaca,
Neopit,
Sconsin, and
Scott Lake series.
Blowers--has a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Freeon--has a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Frogcreek--has a moist bulk density range of 1.85 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Milaca--has a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Neopit--do not have stratification in the lower part of the series control section and have a rock fragment content of 2 to 25 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Sconsin--have a sand content that averages more than 90 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Scott Lake--have a sand content that averages more than 90 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy lacustrine deposits
Landform--glacial lake plains, treads and risers on stream terraces, and delta kames
Slope--0 to 12 percent
Elevation--205 to 470 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 865 millimeters
Frost-free period--110 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Alban,
Plover,
Poskin, and
Rosholt soils.
Alban--are on slightly higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Plover--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Poskin--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Rosholt--are in landscape positions similar to those of Aftad soils and have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone between 0.6 and 1.0 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is both perched and apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains, and hay. The native vegetation is northern red oak, sugar maple, red maple, American basswood, white ash, quaking aspen, and yellow birch with scattered conifers.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A) and Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B)
LRR K; north-central and northwestern Wisconsin and north-central Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Barron County, Wisconsin, 1993.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 33 to 83 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0 to 33 centimeters (Ap and E horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 18 to 33 centimeters (E horizon);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 33 to 56 centimeters (B/E horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 33 to 109 centimeters (B/E, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Oxyaquic subgroup based on redoximorphic features and saturation within a depth of 100 centimeters.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska; user pedon ids 93WI078034 and 78WI073001 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).