LOCATION ROSHOLT WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Rosholt fine sandy loam - on a convex 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1,200 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; about 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
E--8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak thin platy structure; friable; common roots; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
B/E--13 to 20 inches; 70 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam (E), light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; few roots; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 2 to 30 inches thick)
Bt1--20 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common brown (10YR 5/3) coatings of silt and sand grains on vertical faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
2Bt2--28 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few roots; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay bridges between sand grains; about 25 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
2C1--34 to 52 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stratified gravelly sand and sand; single grain; loose; about 25 percent gravel as an average; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2C2--52 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified coarse sand and medium sand; single grain; loose; about 2 percent gravel as an average; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Shawano County, Wisconsin; about 4.5 miles south and 3 miles east of Mattoon; about 1,100 feet south and 1,000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 28 N., R. 12 E.; USGS Burney Lake, WI quad.; lat. 44 degrees, 56', 23" N., long. 88 degrees, 59', 06" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the loamy mantle and depth to sandy outwash ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Some pedons have a silty mantle less than 12 inches thick. Volume of gravel is typically less than 15 percent in the upper part of the loamy mantle, but ranges from 0 to 35 percent throughout the loamy mantle. Volume of gravel ranges from 3 to 45 percent as a weighted average in the sandy outwash, but ranges from 0 to 65 percent in individual strata. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 2 percent in the loamy mantle and from 0 to 15 percent in the sandy outwash. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the substratum.
Some uncultivated pedons have an O horizon of partially decomposed forest litter. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR or is neutral in hue. Value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 2.
The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 or 3. Value is greater than 5.5 dry. Some uncultivated pedons have a 1 to 4 inch thick A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Ap or A horizon is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Some pedons do not have an A horizon.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs or it is silt loam.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5 , and chroma of 4. It is sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs.
Rosholt soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). The E part has color like the E horizon described above. It is typically fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs. The Bt part has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. It is typically fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs. In some pedons, the upper part of the glossic horizon is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has color like the Bt part described above. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam or the gravelly analogs.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically stratified layers of sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alban, Amery, Arland, Kennan, Langlade, Marathon, Mcginn, Santiago, and Scoba series. A similar soil is the Padus series. Alban soils have stratified loamy and sandy lacustrine deposits within 40 inches and do not have coarse fragments. Amery and Kennan soils do not average more than 85 percent sand within 40 inches. Langlade soils are more than 40 inches thick to sandy outwash with more than 85 percent sand. Marathon soils have a mantle, 15 to 35 inches thick, with more than 50 percent silt and are underlain by disintegrated granitic rock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Mcginn soils have a 14 to 20 inch thick sandy mantle over loamy glacial till and have free carbonates within 40 inches. Santiago soils have a mantle, 12 to 36 inches thick, with more than 50 percent silt and do not average more than 85 percent sand in the fine earth fraction within 40 inches. Scoba soils have redox accumulations and a zone of near saturation in the subsoil. Padus soils have a spodic horizon. Arland soils have a paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Rosholt soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, eskers, and kames. Slope gradients range from 0 to 45 percent. These soils formed mostly in loamy alluvial deposits underlain by stratified sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1,950 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chetek, Kennan, Oesterle, Scoba, and Scott Lake soils. Chetek soils occupy landscape positions similar to those of Rosholt soils where the loamy mantle is 12 to 20 inches thick. Kennan soils are on adjacent glacial moraines and drumlins. The somewhat poorly drained Oesterle soils and the moderately well drained Scott Lake soils form a drainage sequence with Rosholt soils. The moderately well drained Scoba soils are in landscape positions similar to those of Rosholt soils where there is a zone of near saturation with redox accumulations above the sandy outwash.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow to very rapid. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid in the loamy mantle and rapid or very rapid in the sandy outwash.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas have been cleared and are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland and some are in woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest with some scattered conifers. Common trees are sugar maple, northern red oak, white ash, American basswood, paper birch, quaking aspen, big tooth aspen, red pine, and balsam fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and west-central Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota. This soil is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Portage County, Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 13 inches (Ap,E); albic horizon - 8 to 13 inches (E); glossic horizon - 13 to 20 inches (B/E); argillic horizon - from 13 to 34 inches (B/E, Bt1, 2Bt2).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0226