LOCATION ANGUS                   MN+IA

Established Series
Rev. TCJ-DAN-JJB
08/2013

ANGUS SERIES

The Angus series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loamy calcareous till. These soils are on slightly convex slopes on backslopes, shoulders, and summits on ground moraines and till plains. Slopes range from 2 to 9 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 610 to 930 millimeters, and mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Angus loam, on a convex slope of 5 percent in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 351 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1--20 to 58 cm; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; many very fine roots throughout; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on ped faces ; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.3); gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--58 to 89 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots throughout; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on ped faces and root channels; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy boundary.

BC--89 to 102 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films in root channels; 4 percent gravel; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual wavy boundary.

C--102 to 200 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Iron depletions and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Iron concentrations; 7 percent gravel; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Wright County, Minnesota; about 1 mile south of Montrose; about 2,000 feet north and 80 feet east of the southwest corner of section 1, T. 118 N., R. 26 W., fifth principal meridian; USGS Waverly quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 03 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 54 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD27; 428285 meters easting, 4989524 meters northing, 15N, NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the ochric epipedon--6 to 15 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--60 to 135 centimeters
Depth to argillic horizon--15 to 24 centimeters
Thickness of argillic horizon--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to redoximorphic features--100 to 165 centimeters

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content--22 to 30 percent
Sand content--25 to 50 percent
Rock fragments--1 to 8 percent, dominantly gravel

A or Ap horizons:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, and fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content-2 to 8 percent, dominantly gravel
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 24 centimeters

Some pedons have an E horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--10 to 25 centimeters

Bt horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--35 to 100 centimeters

Some pedons have a Bk horizon:
Hue-10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent, dominantly gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent--2 to 25 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--30 to 110 centimeters

BC horizon

Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--loam or clay
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent, dominantly gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 20 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 8.4
Thickness--0 to 70 centimeters

C horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--loam or clay loam
Rock fragment content-1 to 8 percent, dominantly gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 20 percent
Reaction-7.4 to 8.4
Thickness-30 to 100 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES:
These are the Argyle, Bassett, Blooming, Caleb, Cortland, Gara, Koronis, Lester, Newcomer, Orwood, Racine, Sebbo, Taopi, Waucoma, and Winneshiek soils
Argyle--formed in loess and paleosol and have colors redder than 10YR
Bassett--contain 30 to 75 centimeters of loamy or silty sediments over till, have free carbonates 122 to 200 centimeters deep, and have a lag line
Blooming--contain 35 to 60 centimeters of loamy or silty sediments over till and have a lag line
Caleb--formed in alluvium on stream terraces, do not have free carbonates within the series control section, and have stratified horizons
Cortland--have 0 to 20 percent rock fragments, do not have carbonates within 2 m, and have loamy sand in the second parent material
Gara-have an average clay content of 30 to 35 percent in the particle size control section
Koronis--have free carbonates at 40 to 90 centimeters, and do not have a seasonally high water table within 1.8 m
Lester--do not have a seasonally high water table within 1.8 m
Newcomer--formed in loess and are moderately deep to sandstone or shale lithic or paralithic contact
Orwood--are formed in eolian sediments and contain no rock fragments in the series control section, and are greater than 150 centimeters to free carbonates
Racine--have 30 to 66 centimeters to silty or loamy sediment over till, may contain a lag line, and have a moist bulk density greater than 1.75 g/cm3 in the substratum
Sebbo--formed in colluvium, contain dominantly channers rock fragments, and contain no free carbonates within 2 m
Taopi--formed in limestone or siltstone residuum, is deep or very deep to limestone lithic contact
Waucoma--are deep or very deep to limestone lithic contact, may contain a lag line, and do not have free carbonates above the lithic contact
Winneshiek--are moderately deep to limestone lithic contact, may contain a lag line, and do not have free carbonates above the lithic contact

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy calcareous till
Landform--backslopes, shoulders, summits, side slopes, nose slopes, and head slopes on moraines and till plains
Slope--2 to 9 percent
Elevation--210 to 560 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--610 to 930 millimeters
Frost-free period--140 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Hamel, Le Sueur, Lester, and Reedslake soils.
Hamel--are on footslopes and toeslopes
Le Sueur--are on flats and lower slope areas similar to Angus
Lester--are on steeper slope areas similar to Angus
Reedslake--are on the same positions but with a Mollic epipedon

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a zone of saturation is found between depths of 100 to 180 centimeters in the wettest months of normal years.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.2 to 14.1 micrometers per second (moderately high)

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, and small grains. A small amount is in forest. The native vegetation is oak savanna in the transition zone that ranges from prairie to forest with Bur Oak as the dominant tree species, shrubs, and grasses such as Big Bluestem, Little Bluestem, and Indiangrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western Lake
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR M; Iowa and Minnesota
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Meeker County, Minnesota, 1995.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 20 to 70 centimeters (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons);
Series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 20 centimeters;
argillic horizon--the zone from 20 to 89 centimeters;
endosaturation--100 to 200 centimeters
redoximorphic concentrations--102 to 200 centimeters
redoximorphic depletions--102 to 200 centimeters

This soil was previously included in the Lester series. However, after investigation, it was concluded that Lester soils on a slope of 2 to 5 percent have seasonal zone of saturation between 100 to 180 centimeters rather than greater than 200 centimeters.
1/19/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.

MLRA SSO Responsible: 10-ALB (Albert Lea, Minnesota)

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon 1995MN171001 is the type location.
Laboratory data--KSSL pedons S1960MN171001 and S1960MN171002 have accompanying data; pedon S1986MN019-002 (3933) has accompanying University of Minnesota lab data.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.