LOCATION AUGUSTA LAKE            MN+IA

Established Series
Rev. TCJ-AGG-TWN
11/2010

AUGUSTA LAKE SERIES

The Augusta Lake series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in 100 to 150 centimeters of eolian sediments and loamy sediments and in the underlying till. These soils are on summits and backslopes on ground moraines and till plains and on terraces and outwash plains adjacent to moraines and till plains. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. The mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C. The mean annual precipitation is about 735 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Augusta Lake fine sandy loam, on a 2 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 355 meters above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

AB--25 to 38 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1--38 to 58 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--58 to 71 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw3--71 to 117 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy fine sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bk--117 to 168 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions, common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 6 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C--168 to 203 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few very pale brown (10YR 8/2) calcium carbonate nodules; common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions, common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 7 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Cottonwood County, Minnesota subset; about 8 miles north and 1 mile west of Jeffers; located about 700 feet north and 500 feet west of the southeast corner of section 12, T. 108 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Sanborn topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 10 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 13 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Depth to loamy sediments or till--100 to 150 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--100 to 180 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--10 to 18 percent
Sand content of the particlesize control section (weighted average)--60 to 80 percent, less than 50 percent sand and coarse sand

Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--10 to 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 65 percent
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--25 to 49 centimeters

AB or BA horizon, when present:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--10 to 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 65 percent
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loamy fine sand
Clay content--8 to 18 percent
Sand content--55 to 80 percent
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--75 to 130 centimeters

2Bk horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.60 g/cc
Thickness--0 to 65 centimeters

2C horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt loam or loam
Clay content--10 to 27 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Moist bulk density--1.35 g/cc to 1.60 g/cc

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aureola, Bertram, Bolan, Dickinson, Elrick, Etter, Filley, Gardencity, Olin, Ridgeport, Roine, Wadenill, and Zenor series.
Aureola--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Bertram--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters
Bolan--have a sand content of 75 to 95 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Dickinson--have a sand content of 80 to 95 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Elrick--have a sand content of more than 50 percent in the lower third of series control section
Etter--have a sand content of more than 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Filley--have a clay content of 4 to 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Gardencity--have a sand content that averages 15 to 50 percent in the particle-size control section
Olin--have a moist bulk density range of 1.75 g/cc to 1.9 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Ridgeport--have a sand content of 85 to 95 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Roine--have a bulk density range of 1.6 g/cc to 1.8 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Wadenill--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Zenor--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--100 to 150 centimeters of eolian and loamy sediments and in the underlying till
Landform--summits and backslopes on ground moraines and till plains
Slope--1 to 12 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Amiret, Clarion, Fostoria, Nicollet, Normania, and Ocheyedan soils.
Amiret--are at landscape positions similar to those of the Augusta Lake soils, have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a clay content that averages 18 to 32 percent in the particle-size control section
Clarion--are at landscape positions similar to those of the Augusta Lake soils and have a clay content that averages 18 to 28 percent in the particle-size control section
Fostoria--are at lower landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 18 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Nicollet--are at slightly lower landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 24 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Normania--are at slightly lower landscape positions, have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a clay content that averages 18 to 32 percent in the particle-size control section
Ocheyedan--are at landscape positions similar to those of the Augusta Lake soils and have a clay content that averages more than 18 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 1.0 to 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the eolian and loamy sediments and 1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the underlying till

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and grass-legume hay. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, little bluestem, and other grasses of tall grass prairie

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR M; southern Minnesota and north-central Iowa
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cottonwood County, Minnesota, 2009

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (Ap, AB, Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, AB, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and 2Bk horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 38 centimeters (Ap and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 38 to 117 centimeters (Bw1, Bw2 and Bw3 horizons);
calcic horizon--the zone from a depth of 117 to 168 centimeters (2Bk horizon);
udic moisture regime.

This soil was formerly included with the Dickman and Grogan soils in Cottonwood County, Minnesota.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

MLRA SSO 10-5 (Albert Lea, Minnesota).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.