LOCATION ANTHON IA
Established Series
PTC-RAL-TWN
10/2012
ANTHON SERIES
The Anthon series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) of loess or silty alluvium and underlying stratified sandy and gravelly sediments. These soils are on stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 9 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 9 degrees C (49 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation is about 74 centimeters (29 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Anthon silty clay loam, on a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 345 meters (1,132 feet) above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); about 70 percent very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and about 30 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak and moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A1--20 to 41 centimeters (8 to 16 inches); about 60 percent very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and about 40 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A2--41 to 58 centimeters (16 to 23 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizons is 56 to 91 centimeters (22 to 36 inches).]
AB--58 to 74 centimeters (23 to 29 inches); about 60 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and about 40 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coats on vertical faces of peds; few fine rounded worm casts; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [5 to 23 centimeters (2 to 9 inches) thick]
Bt1--74 to 97 centimeters (29 to 38 inches); about 60 percent brown (10YR 4/3) and about 40 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coats in root channels and pores; few fine rounded worm casts; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--97 to 114 centimeters (38 to 45 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 30 to 81 centimeters (12 to 32 inches).]
2Bt3--114 to 127 centimeters (45 to 50 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 3 percent rounded mixed gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) thick]
2BC--127 to 150 centimeters (50 to 59 inches); about 80 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) and about 20 percent brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy clay loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine tubular pores; about 30 percent rounded mixed gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 51 centimeters (0 to 20 inches) thick]
2C1--150 to 163 centimeters (59 to 64 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 8 percent rounded mixed gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--163 to 175 centimeters (64 to 69 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 30 percent rounded mixed gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C3--175 to 183 centimeters (69 to 72 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; single grain; loose; about 30 percent rounded mixed gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C4--183 to 203 centimeters (72 to 80 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 44 percent rounded mixed gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: MLRA 107B-Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills, Woodbury County, Iowa subset; about 2.5 miles north of Correctionville; about 1,400 feet east and 2,200 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 26, T. 89 N., R. 42 W.; USGS Correctionville quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 29 minutes 49.7 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 46 minutes 30.5 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--61 to 91 centimeters (24 to 36 inches)
Depth to sandy and gravelly sediments102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to carbonates--102 to 203 centimeters (40 to 80 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--22 to 32 percent
Content of fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent
Thickness of the loamy interface (zone between the silty materials and the underlying sandy and gravelly sediments)--15 to 61 centimeters (6 to 24 inches)
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--3 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.25 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--23 to 32 percent
Sand content--10 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.25 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
Bt or Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 32 percent
Sand content--8 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.25 g/cc to 1.45 g/cc
2Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--15 to 28 percent
Sand content--55 to 85 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Moist bulk density--1.40 g/cc to 1.55 g/cc
Rock fragment content--3 to 50 percent, mixed lithology
2BC horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--3 to 32 percent
Sand content--35 to 85 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to slightly alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.40 g/cc to 1.55 g/cc
Rock fragment content--5 to 50 percent, mixed lithology
2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--loamy coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, sandy loam or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Some pedons have sandy clay loam textures in the upper part
Clay content--1 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 95 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 25 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.50 g/cc to 1.70 g/cc
Rock fragment content--5 to 50 percent, mixed lithology
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Allison,
Huntsville,
Ivan,
Judson,
Kahola,
Kennebec,
Kenridge,
Lindstrom,
Napier,
Rossville,
Sturkie, and
Worthen series.
Allison--have less than 5 percent rock fragments throughout the series control section and have a clay content of 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Huntsville--have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section and have a clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Ivan--contain carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches)
Judson--have a clay content of 25 to 32 percent in the lower third of the series control section and have a clay content of 30 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Kahola--contain carbonates between depths of 38 to 102 centimeters (15 to 40 inches)
Kennebec--have a clay content of 24 to 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section and have a clay content of 18 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Kenridge--average less than 30 percent sand in the lower third of the series control section
Lindstrom--have a clay content of 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section, have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section, have moist bulk density range of 1.30 g/cc to 1.40 g/cc and have a reaction range of moderately acid to neutral in lower third of the series control section
Napier--have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section, have moist bulk density range of 1.25 g/cc to 1.30 g/cc in lower third of the series control section, and have a reaction range of neutral to moderately alkaline in lower third of the series control section
Rossville--are in areas with a mean annual air temperature ranges from 11 to 13 degrees C (52 to 55 degrees F) and have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section
Sturkie--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 58 degrees F) and have a mean annual precipitation range of 107 to 114 centimeters (42 to 45 inches), have redoximorphic features, have a sand content of less than 75 percent in lower third of the series control section, and have 0 to 10 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section
Worthen--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 6 to 14 degrees C (42 to 57 degrees F) and have a mean annual precipitation range of 69 to 114 centimeters (27 to 45 inches) and have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) of loess or silty alluvium and underlying sandy and gravelly sediments
Landform--stream terraces
Slopes--0 to 9 percent
Elevation--329 to 381 meters (1,080 to 1,250 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 11 degrees C (47 to 52 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--66 to 81 centimeters (26 to 32 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 175 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the competing
Judson,
Kennebec, and
Napier soils, and the
Calco,
Fairhaven,
Grantcenter,
Hawick,
Nodaway,
Rawles, and
Smithland soils.
Calco--are in the lower elevations on flood plains, have a saturated zone within a depth of 30 centimeters (1 foot) during April to June in most years, and are calcareous
Fairhaven--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Anthon soils and have 15 to 25 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the upper half of the series control section
Grantcenter--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during April to June in most years
Judson--are in the slightly higher elevations on footslopes adjacent to uplands
Hawick--are in the slightly higher elevations on risers of stream terraces and have carbonates within a depth of 76 centimeters (30 inches)
Kennebec--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 91 to 183 centimeters (3 to 6 feet) during April to June in most years
Napier--are in the slightly higher elevations on footslopes adjacent to uplands
Nodaway--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 122 to 183 centimeters (4 to 6 feet) during April to June in most years
Rawles--are in the lower elevations on flood plains, have a saturated zone between depths of 122 to 183 centimeters (4 to 6 feet) during April to June in most years, and have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches)
Smithland--are in the lower elevations on flood plains and have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during April to June in most years
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 183 centimeters (6 feet) during March to June in most years
Permeability--moderate in the silty sediments and very rapid in the underlying sandy sediments
Surface runoff potential--very low to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, switchgrass, indiangrass and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
LRR M, MLRA 107; Missouri River tributaries in northwestern Iowa. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Woodbury County, Iowa, 2003
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches) (A1, A2, AB, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (0 to 60 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, AB, Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2BC and 2C1 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 74 centimeters (29 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 74 to 150 centimeters (29 to 59 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, and 2BC horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab sample number S97IA-193-024, National Soil Survey Laboratory.
Taxonomy version--second edition, 1999.
This series replaces the majority of the Wadena silt loam, deep phase soil map units correlated in the Soil Survey of Woodbury County, Iowa (1972) on the Little Sioux River. It also replaces some of the Graceville soil map units correlated in the Soil Survey of Woodbury County, Iowa (1972) on the Big Sioux River.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa pedon 97IA193022
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska pedons S97IA-193-024 and S97IA-193-021 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.