LOCATION BANISTER VA+NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Banister loam (in an area of Banister-Kinkora complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes, rarely flooded) on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), dry; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; slightly sticky; nonplastic; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
BA--8 to 14 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; slightly sticky; nonplastic; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--18 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg--50 to 58 inches; light gray (N 7/0) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of oxidized iron; few very fine and fine flakes of mica; strongly acid. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 40 to 55 inches.)
Cg--58 to 65 inches; light gray (N 7/0) clay loam; massive; moderately sticky, plastic; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of oxidized iron; common very fine and fine flakes of mica; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Halifax County, Virginia; about 7,300 feet northwest of the junction of U.S. Highway 58 and State Routes 694; 4,800 feet off of State Route 694 along farm road towards the Dan River, in a cultivated field: USGS Milton, Virginia topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees 36 minutes 09.8 seconds N. and long. 79 degrees 09 minutes 09 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 5 to 15 inches
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches
Depth to top of Seasonal High Water Table: 12 to 30 inches
Depth to base of Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the A and B horizon and 0 to 25 percent in the C horizon; mostly rounded quartzite gravel
Soil Reaction: Strongly acid to neutral throughout
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent mica flakes in the B and C horizons, commonly increasing with depth
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2 to 4. Some pedons have value of 3 if less than 6 inches thick.
Texture--loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
BE or BA horizon (if they occur):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture--clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, or loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture--clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
Btg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or it is neutral with value of 3 to 8
Texture--clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features--iron depletions, clay depletions, masses of reduced iron in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron, iron-manganese masses, in shades of red, yellow, or brown
BC horizon or CB horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture-sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
BCg or CBg horizon (if they occur):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture--sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
C horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam and may be stratified with coarser textures
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
2C horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam and may be stratified with finer textures
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
Cg horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam , or silt loam and may be stratified with coarser textures
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
2Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam and may be stratified with finer textures
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron depletions or clay depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray and masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown
COMPETING SERIES:
Bolling soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size class and formed in fluvial sediments
Branchville soils--formed in residuum from sandstone or siltstone
Cardinal soils--formed in glaciolacustrine sediments
Celina soils--formed in glacial till
Eudy soils--formed in cherty dolomite
Hartville soils-formed in colluvium and alluvium in the
Ozark Region (MLRAs 116A and 116B)
Jerktail soils--formed in colluvium over dolomite
Loudon soils--formed in loess over glacial till
Tarlton soils--formed in glacial till
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont
Landform: Stream terrace
Geomorphic Component: Riser, tread
Hillslope Profile Position: None
Parent Material: Clayey alluvium
Slope: 0 to 15 percent
Elevation (type location): 300 to 1600 feet
Frost Free Period (type location): 160 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 57 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 40 to 55 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Codorus soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size control section and formed in alluvium; on adjacent floodplains
Colvard soils--have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, formed in alluvium, and have a seasonal high water table at a depth of greater than 72 inches; on adjacent flood plains
Comus soils--have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, formed in alluvium high in mica, and have a seasonal high water table at a depth of greater than 72 inches; on adjacent flood plains
Delanco soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size control section; on similar landforms
Dillard soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size control section and formed in alluvium; on adjacent floodplains
Elsinboro soils--are well drained and have a fine-loamy particle-size control section; on similar landforms
French soils--have a fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal particle-size control section; on adjacent flood plains
Hatboro soils--are poorly drained, have a fine-loamy particle-size control section, and formed in alluvium; on adjacent floodplains
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep (greater than 60 inches) to bedrock
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Moderately well drained or somewhat poorly drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Shallow to moderately deep (12 to 30 inches), common (present 3 months), thick (greater than 40 inches)
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None or occasional, rare, or very rare for very brief periods
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to high
Permeability: Moderately slow
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: About one-half of the total acreage is in cultivation with the remainder in woodland.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--principal crops are corn, small grain, and soybeans. Where wooded--mixed
hardwoods and pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia and North Carolina
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Halifax County, Virginia, 2003.
REMARKS: Banister soils were previously mapped as Dogue soils. The April 1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line necessitated the establishment of the mesic counterpart. In April 2008, due to insufficent data, the classification was changed back to Ultisols. When data collection is complete across the MLRA region, a decision will be made as to whether an Alfisols series is needed.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to 14 inches (Ap and BA horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 14 to 58 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Btg horizons)
Aquic conditions--periodic saturation and reduction in a zone from 18 to 80 inches of the soil surface at some time during the year (endosaturation)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory Data: Reference samples of three pedons are available from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA.
Database Information: Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--103304
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation BANISTER 0-15 52-57 160-205 40-55 300-1600FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE OCCAS 1.0-2.5 APPARENT JAN-MAR >60 --
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0-8 L SIL VFSL 0-0 80-100 5-27 3-9 0-8 FSL SL 0-0 80-100 5-20 3-7 8-65 CL C SC 0-0 80-100 35-60 8-30
Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll 0-8 4.5-7.3 0.5-1.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW 0-8 4.5-7.3 0.5-1.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW 8-65 4.5-7.3 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE