LOCATION BOLLING VA+NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bolling silt loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable, nonsticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; common fine pores; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches)
BA--7 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; common fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt--11 to 35 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable, plastic, sticky; few fine roots and pores; few fine flakes of mica; few fine dark colored oxide stains; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 45 inches)
Btg--35 to 63 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable, plastic, sticky; few fine roots and pores; few fine flakes of mica; common fine dark colored oxide stains and concretions; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid. (0 to 30 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Goochland County, Virginia; 25 feet west of VA- 643 and 800 feet north of Westview Public Landing on the James River.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 30 to 60 inches or more. Depth to hard bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock fragments of mostly gravel make up 0 to 15 percent of the soil. The soil commonly ranges from very strongly acid through neutral in the A horizon and in the upper part of the B horizon and from moderately acid through moderately alkaline in the lower part of the B horizon and in the C horizon. Few to common flakes of mica and/or opaque minerals are throughout the solum in most pedons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction.
Some pedons have an E horizon that has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. The E horizon is fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The BA or BE horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It is fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. High and low chroma mottles range from common to many. The Bt horizon is sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Thin layers of loamy material are in the lower part of the Bt horizon in some pedons.
The Btg horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Mottles range from few to many. It is loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay in the fine-earth fraction. Thin layers of loamy material are in the lower part of the Btg horizon in some pedons.
Some pedons have a BC horizon that has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Some pedons have a matrix color with chroma of 2 or less. It is loamy sand through clay.
The C horizon, where present, is variable in color. It is stratified and ranges from loamy sand through clay. Some pedons have gravel and cobbles.
COMPETING SERIES: Farrenburg is the only other series in this family. Farrenburg soils have a buried A horizon. Abell, Altavista, Augusta, Charleston, Dogue, Forestdale, Fork, Pamunkey, State, Tetotum, and Wickham series are in closely related families. Abell, Altavista, Augusta, Dogue, State, Tetotum, and Wickham soils have base saturation less than 35 percent. Charleston soils are in a coarse-loamy family. Forestdale and Fork soils are more poorly drained. Pamunkey soils are well drained.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Bolling soils formed in fluvial sediments on stream terraces of the Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 7 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 48 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 59 to 64 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Forestdale, Fork, and Pamunkey soils these include the Congaree, Wehadkee, and Monacan soils. The Congaree, Monacan, and Wehadkee soils do not have an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; slow or moderate runoff; moderate permeability. Some areas are subject to occasional flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used for corn, small grain, soybeans, and pasture. Forested areas are in mixed hardwood and pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Virginia and North Carolina, and possibly Alabama and South Carolina. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Goochland County, Virginia, 1976.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 11 inches (Ap and BA horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone between 11 and 63 inches (Bt and Btg horizons).
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0101 BOLLING 0- 7 59- 64 185-220 40- 48 50- 700 VA0117 BOLLING 0- 2 59- 64 190-240 40- 48 20- 800SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0101 NONE OCCAS 1.5-2.5 APPARENT DEC-MAR 60-60 VA0117 NONE 2.0-3.0 APPARENT NOV-APR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0101 0-11 SIL L FSL 0- 0 75-100 5-20 3- 8 VA0101 0-11 LFS 0- 0 100-100 5-15 2- 5 VA0101 11-35 CL SCL SICL 0- 0 75-100 20-35 3- 8 VA0101 35-63 SCL SICL C 0- 0 75-100 25-55 3- 8 VA0117 0-11 GR-SL 0- 5 50- 70 - - VA0117 11-35 GRV-SL GRV-SCL GR-SL 0- 5 25- 50 - - VA0117 35-64 S GRV-S GR-SCL 0- 5 10- 90 - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0101 0-11 4.5- 7.3 1.-2. 0- 0 0.6- 6.0 LOW VA0101 0-11 4.5- 7.3 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0101 11-35 4.5- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW VA0101 35-63 5.6- 7.3 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE VA0117 0-11 5.1- 6.5 1.-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0117 11-35 5.1- 6.5 0.-.5 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0117 35-64 5.1- 6.5 0.-.5 0- 0 2.0- 20 LOW