LOCATION BAUDETTE MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Baudette fine sandy loam, on a convex slope of 2 percent, on a glacial lake plain, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters thick)
E--15 to 30 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bt1--30 to 48 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; many continuous faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--48 to 66 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few discontinuous faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) redoximorphic depletions in the lower part; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges 10 to 76 centimeters.)
Bk--66 to 104 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few to common soft accumulations of carbonates; few fine distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) redoximorphic depletions and few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 51 centimeters thick)
C--104 to 152 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; massive; very friable; common fine distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) redoximorphic depletions and few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land resource Area (MLRA) 88-Norhtern Minnesota Glacial Lake Basins; Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota; about 1 mile south of Pitt; 1,100 feet west and 2,000 feet north of the southeast corner, section 2, T. 160 N., R. 32 W.; USGS Pitt, Minnesota topographic quadrangle; latitude 48 degrees 42 minutes 19 seconds N., and longitude 94 degrees 43 minutes 5 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--36 to 91 centimeters
These soils do not have rock fragments
The lower third of the series control section has more than 50 percent very fine sand or finer
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 5, 6 dry
Chroma--1 to 3, 2 dry
Texture--fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have a thin O horizon
E horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam, very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have a thin EB or BE horizon
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4 upper part, 2 to 4 lower part
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Few to many faint or distinct clay films
Bk horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 5
Texture--silt, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand or very fine sand
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Some pedons have a BCk horizon
C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt, silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand or very fine sand
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Some pedons have thin varves of finer or coarser textures
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Moranville series.
Moranville soils--have a lithologic discontinuity in the upper third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--lacustrine deposits
Landform--glacial lake plains or moraines
Slope--0 to 6 percent
Elevation--300 to 500 meters
Mean annual air temperature--4 to 6 degrees C.
Mean annual precipitation--500 to 700 millimeters
Frost free period--90 to 120 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Debs, Littleswan, Sax and Spooner soils. Debs soils are well drained and are on more sloping areas. Littleswan soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on lower lying less sloping areas. Spooner soils are poorly drained and are on lower lying level slopes. Sax soils are very poorly drained and are in depressions. Organic soils are common associates in some places.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--these soils have a frequently saturated zone occurring between depths of 61 and 76 centimeters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.0 to 42.0 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION: About half of these soils are cultivated. The common crops are wheat, barley, oats, and legumes for forage and seed production. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. The deciduous trees primarily are quaking aspen and paper birch. The conifers are red and white pine, white spruce, and balsam fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains or Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland or Superior Upland
MLRA--Northern Minnesota Glacial Lake Basins (88)
LRR--K; Northern Minnesota
Extentmoderately extensive
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-1 (Bemidji, Minnesota)
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, 1926.
REMARKS:
Particle--size control section--the zone from a depth of 30 to 66 centimeters
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Orchric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters
Argillic horizon--the zone from 30 to 66 centimeters
Oxyaquic subgroup--saturation within 100 centimeters of the mineral soil surface in normal years
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 1188 for some laboratory data on the typical pedon. Soil Interpretation Record number is MN0114.