LOCATION BEEDE LAKE WITentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Beede Lake loam - on a convex side slope with a south facing 54 percent slope in an area of mixed northern hardwoods and conifers at an elevation of about 250 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 13 centimeters; very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) loam, brown (7.5YR 5/2) dry; moderate coarse granular and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine, fine, and medium roots and common coarse and very coarse roots; 10 percent gravel and 1 percent cobble; slightly acid (pH 6.5, Hellige-Truog); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 25 centimeters thick, 2 to 10 inches thick)
Bw--13 to 25 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam and sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine, fine, and medium roots and common coarse and very coarse roots; 10 percent gravel and 1 percent cobble; slightly acid (pH 6.3, Hellige-Truog); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 46 centimeters thick)
2B/E--25 to 41 centimeters; 60 percent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay (Bt); strong very fine angular blocky structure; firm; penetrated by tongues of reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) silty clay loam (E), light reddish brown (2.5YR 7/3) dry; moderate thin platy structure; firm; common very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; few (5 percent) continuous distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and few (15 percent) continuous distinct dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on all faces of Bt peds; moderately acid (pH 5.8, Hellige-Truog); clear wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon 10 to 51 centimeters thick)
2Bt--41 to 56 centimeters; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong very fine angular blocky; firm; common very fine, fine, and medium roots and few coarse roots; few (5 percent) continuous distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and few (10 percent) continuous distinct dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films and many (50 percent) continuous distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) pressure faces on all faces of peds; moderately acid (pH 5.8, Hellige-Truog); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 51 centimeters thick)
3BC--56 to 76 centimeters; stratified 50 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay, 30 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) silty clay loam, 10 percent red (10R 4/6) silty clay, and 10 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/3) silt loam; massive parting to strong medium depositional plates; firm; common very fine, fine, and medium roots and few coarse roots; very few (1 percent) distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) pressure faces on top faces of plates; slightly effervescent (HCl, 1 normal)in the silty clay loam layers; neutral (pH 7.2, Hellige-Truog); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 23 centimeters thick)
3C--76 to 203 centimeters; stratified 45 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay, 30 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/3) silt loam, 20 percent brown (7.5YR 5/3) silt loam, and 5 percent red (10R 4/6) clay; massive parting to strong medium depositional plates; firm; few medium roots; violently effervescent (HCl, 1 normal)in the silt loam layers and none to slightly effervescent (HCl, 1 normal) in the silty clay and clay layers; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0, Hellige-Truog).
TYPE LOCATION: Polk County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles west northwest of Cushing; 725 meters east and 55 meters south of the northwest corner of section 19, T. 36 N., R. 19 W.; USGS Sunrise topographical quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 35 minutes 56.8 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 45 minutes 57.9 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loamy glacial aged alluvium mantle--10 to 51 centimeters
Depth to the argillic horizon--10 to 51 centimeters
Thickness of the argillic horizon--20 to 96 centimeters
Depth to stratification--51 to 102 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--typically 102 to 152 centimeters but may range up to 51 centimeters in some pedons
Clay content of the particle-size control section--averages between 40 to 60 percent, but individual horizons range between 35 to 65 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section--less than 45 percent
Volume of gravel--5 to 30 percent in the loamy glacial aged alluvium mantle; 0 to 5 percent in the argillic horizon
Volume of cobbles--0 to 5 percent in the loamy glacial aged alluvium mantle
Volume of stones--0 to 1 percent in the loamy glacial aged alluvium mantle
A horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 2 to 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
Bw Horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 4
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or their gravelly analogs
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
Some pedons have an E horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or their gravelly analogs
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
BeedeLake soils have a glossic horizon (2B/E horizon)
Bt part of the 2B/E:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
E part of the 2B/E:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
2Bt Horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 4
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
3BC Horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 10R
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: stratified with layers of silt, silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
3C Horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 10R
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: stratified with layers of silt, silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline in the upper part and moderately alkaline in the lower part.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cornucopia, Kolberg, and Odanah series.
Cornucopia soils have stratified loamy and sandy deposits in the lower part of the series control section at a depth of 102 to 152 centimeters.
Kolberg soils have a lithic contact with limestone at 51 to 102 centimeters.
Odanah soils do not have stratified layers within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy glacial aged alluvium over clayey lacustrine underlain by stratified (varved) calcareous silty and clayey lacustrine deposits
Landform: nose slopes and side slopes on dissected glacial lake plains
Geologic formation: Glacial Lake Lind
Slope: 12 to 80 percent
Elevation: 240 to 262 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature: 4 to 7 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation: 710 to 838 millimeters
Frost free days: 110 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Folsom(T) and Centuria(T) soils. The moderately well drained Folsom and somewhat poorly drained Centuria soils form a drainage sequence with Beede Lake soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--well drained--frequent saturation does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second in the loamy glacial aged alluvium mantle, 0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second in the argillic (Bt horizon), and 0.42 to 14.11 micrometers per second in the underlying stratified layers
USE AND VEGETATION: All areas are used for woodland. Common trees are northern red oak, white oak, American basswood, eastern white pine, hophornbeam, red maple, sugar maple, red pine, and green ash. Common understory species are pointed-leaved tick trefoil, wild lily-of-the-valley, spinulose shield fern, violets, wood anemone, hog peanut, poison ivy, meadow rue, large-leaved aster, and dew berry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Province--Superior Upland
MLRA--Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B)
LRR K; Wisconsin
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES PROPOSED: Polk County, Wisconsin; 2009. Source of the name is a small lake in Polk County.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 56 centimeters (2B/E and 2Bt horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 152 centimeters (A, Bw, 2B/E, 2Bt, 3BC, and 3C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to 25 centimeters (A and Bw horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 13 to 25 centimeters (Bw horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 25 to 56 centimeters (2B/E and 2Bt horizons);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 25 to 41 centimeters (2B/E horizon);
lithologic discontinuity--at the upper boundary of the 2B/E horizon and at the upper boundary of the 3BC horizon;
soil moisture control section--the zone from a depth of 10 to 30 centimeters; udic moisture regime;
soil temperature control section--at a depth of 50 centimeters; frigid soil temperature regime.
Carbonates are not visually recognizable in the stratified layers and are only evident through application of 1N HCl. The level of effervescence varies with each stratum and the carbonates are assumed to be depositional.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar red clayey soils in the area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 11th edition, 2010.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil textures were determined through hydrometer analysis in the project office
A Horizon--48.5 percent sand, 33.5 percent silt, and 18 percent clay
Bw Horizon--52 percent sand, 25.5 percent silt, and 22.5 percent clay
2B/E Horizon--33 percent sand, 5 percent silt, and 62 percent clay
2Bt Horizon--31 percent sand, 13 percent silt, and 56 percent clay
Clay content of the particle-size control section (2B/E and 2Bt) averages 59 percent.