LOCATION KOLBERG WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

KOLBERG SERIES

The Kolberg series consists of well drained soils that are moderately deep to a lithic contact with dolomite. These upland soils formed mostly in clayey till and, in many pedons, in a thin underlying layer of loamy till that is underlain in turn by dolomite. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 6.1 degrees C (43 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Kolberg loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 268 meters (880 feet) above mean sea level.(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

B/E--20 to 33 cm (8 to 13 inches); about 60 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; faint clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 4/2) loam (E), pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; common fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [glossic horizon- 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 inches) thick]

Bt1--33 to 53 cm (13 to 21 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; thin faintclay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--53 to 66 cm (21 to 26 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; firm; common roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 20 to 51 cm (8 to 20 inches).]

2Bt3--66 to 74 cm (26 to 29 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 19 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]

R--74 cm (29 inches); white (N 8/0 ) fractured dolomite; slight effervescence.

TYPE LOCATION: Calumet County, Wisconsin; about 3.5 miles north and 1 mile west of Brillion; 2620 feet south and 1420 feet west of the northeast corner sec. 3, T. 19 N., R. 20 E. USGS Brillion, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 14 minutes 03 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 05 minutes 22 seconds W., NAD-83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to a lithic contact with dolomite bedrock: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Clay content in the particle-size control section: averages 35 to 50 percent
Content of sand coarser than very fine in the particle-size control section: averages 10 to 30 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the soil and ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline in the lower part.
Volume of gravel: 0 to 10 percent in the upper part of the soil, and ranges from 2 to 30 percent in the 2B horizon.
Volume of cobbles: 0 to 5 percent throughout.

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, value dry is 6 or more.
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or loam

A horizon [less than 13 cm (5 inches) thick]:
Hue: 10YR
Vlaue: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam or silt loam

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or silt loam

E/B and/or B/E horizon (Glossic):
E part
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or silt loam
Bt part
Hue: 2.5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 to 6, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
Texture: clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam

Bt1 horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 to 6, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
Texture: clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 to 6, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
Texture is loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or the gravelly analogs.

The 3R horizon (2R horizon in pedons without a 2Bt horizon)consists of dolomite with widely-spaced fractures.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cornucopia and Odanah series. Neither of these soils has a lithic contact within a depth of 80 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on nearly level to sloping glaciated uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent. The soil is formed mostly in clayey till and, in many pedons, in a thin underlying layer of loamy till that is underlain in turn by dolomite. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 660 to 762 mm (26 to 30 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 5 to 7.2 degrees C (40 to 45 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Kolberg soils are associated with Kewaunee, Onaway, and Longrie soils. These soils often are associated in the landscape but cannot always be separated one from another by relief alone. Kewaunee and Onaway soils are on areas contiguous to the Kolberg series, where the glaciated deposits are thicker and the dolomite is below the 40-inch series control section. Onaway soils are distinguished further by a lower clay and higher sand content in their control section. Longrie soils are associated with the Kolberg in the northernmost areas of their occurrence and are distinguished from Kolberg by having a spodic horizon in a bisequal profile and by having a higher sand and lower clay content in the control section.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometer per second) or moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometer per second) in the clayey till, moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometer per second) in the loamy till and ranges from modetely low to high (0.42 to 14.11 micrometer per second) in the limestone. Permeability is moderately slow or slow in the clayey till, moderate in the loamy till, and ranges from slow to moderate in the limestone.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for orchards or pastureland. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous and coniferous forests. Common trees are maple, beech, white pine, hemlock, and yellow birch.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 95A in northeastern Wisconsin.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brown County, Wisconsin, 1970.

REMARKS: This soil formerly was included with the Longrie series or mapped as a bedrock substratum phase of Kewaunee series. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:Ochric epipedon - 0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) (Ap); Glossic
horizon 20 to 33 cm (8 to 13 inches) (B/E);Argillic horizon - 20 to 74 cm (8 to 29 inches) (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.