LOCATION BELEWS LAKE NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Belews Lake loam--woodland. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A--0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak coarse granular structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine pores; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and medium pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
E--3 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; many fine pores; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
BE--8 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium and few coarse roots; many fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few quartz pebbles; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and many medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Btg1--15 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong coarse angular blocky structure; firm; sticky, plastic; few medium and coarse roots; many fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and few fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--24 to 33 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky structure; firm; sticky, plastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; many coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 10 to 56 inches thick)
Bt1--33 to 53 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky structure; firm; sticky, very plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few intersecting slickensides; few fine flakes of mica; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and few coarse prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--53 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; sticky, very plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common intersecting slickensides 6 to 8 inches across; few fine flakes of mica; few feldspar and quartz pebbles; few coarse prominent grayish green (5G 5/2) iron depletions and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 4 to 50 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Stokes County, North Carolina; 3.0 miles west of Walnut Cove; 0.4 mile west of the intersection of Secondary Road 1941 and Secondary Road 2022; about 300 feet north of Secondary Road 1941; in a grassy area of woodland. USGS Walnut Cove topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees, 17 minutes, 36 seconds N and long. 80 degrees, 09 minutes, 24 seconds W. Elevation is 645 feet.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Belews Lake soils have solum thickness of 40 to more than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The soil is very strongly acid to neutral in the A and E horizons, very strongly acid to moderately alkaline in the Btg and Bt horizons and slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout the rest of the profile. Content of rounded quartz gravel ranges from 0 to 5 percent by volume in the A, BE, BA, Btg, and Bt horizons and from 0 to 35 percent in the BC, BCg, C, Cg or 2C horizons. A few calcium carbonate concretions are in the Btg, Bt, BC, BCg, Cg, or C horizons in some pedons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, or is neutral, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. Iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less may be present. It is loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.
The Eg horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red may be present.
The BE or BA horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3, or is neutral and has value of 4 to 7. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray or yellow may be present. Texture is sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, or silt loam.
The BEg or BAg horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red may be present. Texture is sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, or silt loam.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red are present in most pedons. Texture is clay, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay loam, or silty clay.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8 or is mottled in shades of gray, yellow, brown, or red. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray or yellow are present in most pedons. Texture is clay, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay loam, or silty clay.
The B'tg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red are present in most pedons. Texture is clay, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay loam, or silty clay.
The BC has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6, or is mottled in shades of gray, yellow, brown, or red. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray or yellow are present in most pedons. Texture is sandy clay, silty clay loam, silty clay, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam.
The BCg or 2BCg horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red are present in most pedons. Texture is sandy clay, silty clay loam, silty clay, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam.
The C or 2C horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray or yellow are present in most pedons. Texture is variable.
The Cg or 2Cg horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Iron concentrations in shades of yellow, brown, or red are present in most pedons. Texture is variable.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Belews Lake soils are nearly level and are on stream terraces within the Triassic Basin of the mesic Southern Piedmont. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. The soil formed in alluvium. The mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 59 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 43 to 49 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Codorus, Wate, and Pfafftown series. The Codorus soils have a loamy subsoil and are on nearby flood plains. The Wate soils are on similar landscapes but lack the soluble salts. The well drained Pfafftown soils have a loamy subsoil and are on knolls and slightly higher areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; slow runoff; slow
permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas of this soil are used for crops and pasture. The remaining acreage is in forest of hardwoods and pine. Native species include loblolly pine, sweetgum, willow oak, southern red oak, white oak, water oak, black gum, red maple, and yellow-poplar. Understory species include greenbrier, flowering dogwood, switch cane, honeysuckle, and American holly.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mesic Southern Piedmont of North Carolina and possibly Virginia. The series has small extent. Known areas of this series are on stream terraces adjacent to streams that dissect Triassic Basins in North Carolina.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stokes County, North Carolina; 2008.
REMARKS: Belews Lake soils were formerly included with the Hornsboro series. Due to the establishment of a mesic/thermic line in MLRA 136 Belews Lake is proposed to replace Hornsboro. Lab data for Belews Lake does not support the presence of soluble salts, particulary sodium.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 8 inches. (Ap and E horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 8 to 80 inches below the surface. (BE, Btg1, Btg2, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation BELEWS LAKE 0-3 52-9 152-218 43-48 300-850FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE RARE 1.0-1.5 APPARENT NOV-MAY >60
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 0-8 SL FSL 0- 0 93-100 8-20 5- 20 0-8 L SIL VFSL 0- 0 93-100 8-20 5- 20 8-80 C SIC SICL 0- 0 93-100 35-60 15- 40
Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll 0-8 4.5-7.8 1.-4. 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW 0-8 4.5-7.8 1.-4. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW 8-80 4.5-8.4 .5-1. 0-0 0.06-0.2 HIGH