LOCATION BERGLAND MI+MN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, semiactive, frigid Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bergland clay - forested, on a nearly level area under forest vegetation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--0 to 1 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) mucky peat; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
A--1 to 3 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) clay, dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry: weak very coarse angular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots along faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
Eg--3 to 8 inches; dark gray (N 4/0) clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; many fine roots along faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bg--8 to 13 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; few dark gray (5Y 4/1) and olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay films in root channels and on faces of peds; few fine roots along faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bw--13 to 25 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay, moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; few gray (5Y 5/1) and light greenish gray (5GY 7/1) threadlike clay films in root channels and coatings on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
Bt1--25 to 35 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; many light greenish gray (5G 7/1) clay films on faces of peds and threadlike veins in ped interiors; few small soft nodules of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Bt2--35 to 48 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; common light greenish gray (5G 7/1) clay films on faces of peds and threadlike veins in ped interiors; few soft modules of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
C--48 to 80 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay; massive, with some evidence of platiness; firm; few light greenish gray (5G 7/1) clay films in pores; about 5 percent rounded gravel, 1/8 to 1/4 inch in diameter; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Ontonagon County, Michigan, about 3 1/4 miles NW of the village of Ewen; approximately 2,000 feet, on a bearing 15 degrees north of east, from the farmstead in the southwest corner of sec. 18. NE 1/4, SE 1/4; sec. 18, T. 48 N., R. 40 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to carbonates ranges from 15 to 30 inches. The reaction of the solum ranges from strongly acid to moderately alkaline. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y or neutral; value of 2 to 4; and chroma of 0 or 1. It is clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or the mucky analogs of these textures. Where present, the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR; value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The Eg horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y or neutral; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 0 to 2. It is clay or silty clay.
The Bg horizon has hue of 5YR to 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. Faces of peds and root channels commonly have hue of 1. It is clay or silty clay.
The Bw horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay or silty clay.
The Bt horizons have hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. They are clay or silty clay. The 10 to 40 inch control section averages from 60 to 90 percent clay.
Some pedons have BC horizons with hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. They are clay or silty clay.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Coatings on faces of peds and along root channels have low chroma. The interior of the peds contain 5 to 25 percent of the same colors as the ped coatings. The C horizon is clay or silty clay. Thin varves or lenses of silt containing a high concentration of calcium carbonate are in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Closely related soils are the Matchwood and Carp Lake series. The Matchwood series allows loamy or sandy textures in the lower part of the profile. Carp Lakesoils have less clay content.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Bergland soils are on nearly level areas and in depressions on till plains or till-floored lake plains. Slope gradients are less than 2 percent. They formed in clayey till derived from clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches and the mean annual temperature ranges from about 38 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Miskoaki, Amnicon, Cuttre, Froberg, Payseor and Matchwood soils. The well drained Miskoaki, moderately well drained Amnicon and somewhat poorly drained Cuttre soils are in the same drainage sequence as the Bergland soils. The moderately well drained Froberg, somewhat poorly drained Payseor and poorly drained Matchwood soils are coarser textured in the lower part of the solum and substratum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is very slow or ponded. Permeability is very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Some areas are used for pasture and hay production or are idle. Common tree species include quaking aspen, balsam fir, northern white cedar, black ash, tamarack, white spruce, red maple and paper birch.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Peninsula and Upper Peninsula of Michigan; Minnesota and northern Wisconsin. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ontonagon County, Michigan, 1921.
REMARKS: Classification was adjusted to agree with lab data. Bergland soils were previously classified as active, nonacid, Aeric Epiaquepts.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 8 inches (Oe, A and Eg horizons);
argillic horizon - 25 to 48 inches (Bt horizons);
aquic soil moisture regime - gley colors from 3 to 13 inches (Eg and Bg horizons);
vertic feature - linear extensibility of greater than 6 cm in the upper 100 cm of the profile.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to lab sample number S01MI-131-017 for Primary Characterization Data from NSSL, Lincoln, NE.