LOCATION BIGISLAND WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bigisland cobbly loamy sand, on a convex, southeast-facing slope of 30 percent, at an elevation of about 280 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) cobbly loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots, common medium roots and few coarse roots; 15 percent cobbles and 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw--8 to 33 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very cobbly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots and few medium and coarse roots; 35 percent cobbles and 20 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt--33 to 64 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very gravelly loamy sand; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; common very fine and fine roots; friable; common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; 40 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw'--64 to 119 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand with strata of gravelly sand; single grain; few very fine, fine and medium roots; 8 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt'--119 to 142 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; very friable; common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; 60 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
2Cd--142 to 203 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam; massive; firm; 60 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 91B-Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash, Burnett County, Wisconsin subset; about 5 miles west and 5 miles north of Webb Lake; located about 750 feet south and 2,450 feet east of the northwest corner of section 33, T. 42 N., R. 15 W.; USGS Webb Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 4 minutes 59 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 14 minutes 55 seconds W., NAD83. (see remarks)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to a densic contact--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--1 to 10 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--80 to 90 percent
Rock fragments in the particle size control section (weighted average)--35 to 85 percent
Oe horizon (when present):
Hue7.5YR
Value--2.5
Chroma--1
Texture--moderately decomposed plant material
A horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2.5 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--cobbly loamy sand or very cobbly loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--75 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content--25 to 60 percent, gravel; 10 to 35 percent, cobbles; 0 to 10 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--8 to 18 centimeters
Bw or Bw' horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value3 or 4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand or the cobbly, gravelly, very cobbly, very gravelly, extremely cobbly or extremely gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--25 to 60 percent, gravel; 10 to 35 percent, cobbles; 0 to 10 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness of the Bw horizon--8 to 40 centimeters
Thickness of the Bw' horizon--0 to 75 centimeters
Bt or Bt' horizon:
Hue--5YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--very gravelly, very cobbly, or extremely cobbly analogs of coarse sand, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--45 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--25 to 60 percent, gravel; 10 to 35 percent, cobbles; 0 to 10 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--35 to 100 centimeters
Some pedons have thin subhorizons with a rock fragment content of less than 25 percent
2Cd horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--cobbly, gravelly, very cobbly, very gravelly, extremely cobbly or extremely gravelly analogs of coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--5 to 35 percent
Sand content--25 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--10 to 60 percent, gravel; 5 to 20 percent, cobbles; 0 to 10 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.8 to 2.0 g/cc
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--100 to 150 centimeters of sandy-skeletal alluvium over dense, loamy till
Landform--risers on stream terrace in river valleys
Slope--15 to 45 percent
Elevation--205 to 595 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--635 to 865 millimeters
Frost-free period--90 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Clemens,
Dairyland, and
Makwa soils.
Clemens--are on lower landscape positions on flood plains and stream terraces and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 to 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Dairyland--are on less sloping landscape positions on floodplains and stream terraces and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.6 to 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Makwa--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--14.00 to 141.00 micrometers per second in the sandy-skeletal alluvium and 0.07 to 0.40 micrometers per second in the till
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest with principal species of northern red oak, northern pin oak, white oak, white ash, American basswood, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, American elm, yellow birch, sugar maple, and black cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRA--Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B)
LRR K; northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 2004.
REMARKS:
Particle size control section--the zone from a depth of 33 to 64 centimeters (Bt) and the zone from a depth of 119 to 138 centimeters (Bt');
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 8 centimeters (A horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 33 to 64 centimeters and from a depth of 119 to 142 centimeters (Bt and Bt' horizons);
densic contact--the contact with till at a depth of 142 centimeters (2Cd horizon);
udic moisture regime.
The typical pedon for the series was described on the edge of a gravel pit in 2003. Due to further excavation the location of the typical pedon for the series was moved 150 feet west on 9-7-06. The pedon at this location has not been described at this time (9-7-06) but is similar to the pedon described in this description.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedonid 02WI013043 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).