LOCATION DAIRYLAND WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dairyland cobbly sandy loam, on a convex, southeast-facing 3 percent slope, in a woodland, at an elevation of about 800 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--0 to 1 inches; black (7.5YR 2.5/1) moderately decomposed plant material, very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) dry; weak fine platy structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
A--1 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) cobbly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; strong medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine to coarse roots; 10 percent gravel and 8 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
2Bw--7 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly loamy sand; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots and few medium; 30 percent gravel and 8 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 30 inches thick)
2Bt1--14 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 40 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay bridging between sand grains; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--36 to 49 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 60 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; few coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay bridging between sand grains; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 15 to 40 inches)
3Cd1--49 to 65 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; some thin (1mm thick) strata of brown (7.5YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) loamy sand; massive; very hard, firm, and brittle; few very fine and fine roots; 10 percent gravel; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. The 2Cd horizons are very hard in place, brittle, and break into angular fragments.
3Cd2--65 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very hard, firm, and brittle; 10 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 10 mile west and 8 miles south of Grantsburg; 1150 feet east and 1900 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 37 N., R. 20 W., Lat. 45 degrees, 43 minutes, 30 seconds N, Long. 92 degrees, 50 minutes, 0 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the densic contact ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Depth to the argillic horizon is less than 20 inches. Volume of rock fragments in the particle size control section range from 35 to 80 percent as a weighted average. Volume of gravel ranges from 25 to 50 percent, volume of cobbles range from 10 to 35 percent, and volume of stones range from 0 to 5 percent in the solum. Volume of gravel ranges from 5 to 60 percent, volume of cobbles range from 5 to 20 percent, and volume of stones range from 0 to 10 percent in the dense loamy till. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum and is slightly acid or neutral in the dense loamy till.
The Oe horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2.5 or 3 and chroma of 1. Some pedons have Oa horizons with similar colors.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is gravelly sandy loam, very cobbly sandy loam, or very cobbly loamy sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Bw horizons with spodic color do not have an overlying albic horizon or have pH more than 5.9 or have less than 0.6 percent organic carbon. Texture is the very gravelly, extremely gravelly, very cobbly, extremely cobbly analogs fo loamy sand or loamy coarse sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is the very gravelly, extremely gravelly, very cobbly, extremely cobbly analogs of loamy sand or loamy coarse sand.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam or the gravelly, cobbly, very gravelly, very cobbly, extremely gravelly, or extremely cobbly analogs of these textures.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on flood plains and on stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 20 percent. These soils formed in sandy alluvium over dense loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 110 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bigisland, Clemens, Makwa, and Rockmarsh soils. The somewhat excessively drained Bigisland soils are on steeply sloping landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Clemens and Rockmarsh soils are on lower landscape positions. The very poorly drained Makwa soils are on the lowest landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is moderately rapid to rapid in the sandy-skeletal alluvium and very slow in the dense loamy till. These soils have a perched seasonal water table above the densic contact at a depth of 2 to 3.5 feet from April to June in most years. This soil is rarely flooded, but a non-flooded phase is recognized.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in woodland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are northern red oak, northern pin oak, white oak, white ash, American basswood, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, white spruce, yellow birch, sugar maple, basswood, and black cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin and East Central Minnesota. LRRK, MLRA 91B. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 2004. Source of name is Dairyland Township in Douglas County, Wisconsin.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 7 inches (Oe, A and 2Bw )
Oxyaquic feature: redox features and saturation within 40 inches
Argillic horizon: 14 to 49 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2)
Densic contact: 49 inches.
Particle size control section: 14 to 34 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: