LOCATION BIJI                    NV

Established Series
Rev. GWM/TM/JBF
12/2019

BIJI SERIES

The Biji series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium and lacustrine deposits derived from mixed rocks. The Biji soils are on dissected lake plains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, carbonatic, mesic Vertic Haplocalcids

TYPICAL PEDON: Biji clay loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 18 cm; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine granular; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, fine, medium and few coarse roots; common fine tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; very slightly saline; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 cm)

Bn--18 to 41 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; many very fine, fine and few medium tubular pores; slightly saline; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 30 cm)

Bk1--41 to 84 cm; white (5Y 8/1) silty clay, pale yellow (5Y 8/2) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; many irregular secondary calcium carbonate masses and few irregular coarse secondary calcium carbonate nodules 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 cm in length; slightly saline; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 50 cm)

Bk2--84 to 117 cm; pale yellow (5Y 8/2) silty clay, light gray (5Y 7/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; many irregular soft secondary calcium carbonate masses and many irregular coarse secondary calcium carbonate nodules 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 cm in length; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (25 to 50 cm)

Bk3--117 to 152 cm; light gray (5Y 7/2) clay, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) moist; strong medium prismatic structure parting to common fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common prominent fine and medium irregular dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations on faces of peds and in pores; common irregular coarse secondary calcium carbonate nodules 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter and 1 to 2 cm in length; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

TYPE LOCATION: White Pine County, Nevada; approximately 2.2 miles east of the North Spring Valley highway on the Rogers ranch road; 1000 feet north along the fence line. 2600 feet East and 1000 feet north of the southwest corner of section 33, T 17 N., R 67 E.; USGS Yelland Dry Lake 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 17 minutes 32 second N and longitude 114 degrees 26 minutes 49 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.2922222 latitude, -114.4458333 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Saturated between depths of 42 and 60 inches in the early spring and are usually moist at this depth due to capillarity from ground water. Soil moisture control section is dry July through October except for 10 to 20 days cumulative due to convection storms. Aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to calcic horizon: 25 to 50 cm.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 35 to 45 percent.

A horizon
Hue: 2.5Y, 5Y or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 5 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 4 dS/m.

Bn horizon
Hue: 2.5Y, 5Y or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 5 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Texture: Silty clay or clay.
Salinity (EC): 4 to 8 dS/m.
Sodicity (SAR): 46 to 90.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 50 percent.

Bk1 and Bk2 horizons
Hue: 2.5Y or 5Y.
Value: 7 or 8 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Silty clay or clay.
Structure: Weak or moderate prismatic to weak or moderate subangular blocky.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard dry, very friable to firm moist.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 4 dS/m.
Sodicity (SAR): 5 to 12.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 50 to 60 percent.
Other features: Few to many secondary calcium carbonate nodules.

Bk3 horizon
Hue: 2.5Y or 5Y.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Clay content: 40 to 50 percent.
Texture: Silty clay or clay.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 4 dS/m.
Sodicity (SAR): 5 to 12.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 30 to 40 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. The Duffer series is a similar soil and has a fine-silty particle-size control section, and a seasonal water table between 50 and 100 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Biji soils are on dissected lake plains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations are 1,650 to 1,865 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ewelac, Medlaval, Kolda, and Duffer.

Ewelac soils do not have a calcic horizon. Medlaval and Kolda soils have a mollic epipedon. Duffer soils are fine-silty and have aquic condition in the layer from 36 to 50 cm.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; very low to very high runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly alkali sacaton, saltgrass, rubber rabbitbrush, and black greasewood.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Nevada. MLRA 28A. These soils are not extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: White Pine County, Nevada, East Part. 2004.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A horizon).
Calcic horizon - The zone from 41 to 117 cm (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm. (Part of the Bn horizon, Bk1 and Bk2 horizons)

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.