LOCATION BILLYBOY WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Billyboy silt loam, on a nearly level, west facing slope of 1 percent, in woodland, at an elevation of about 395 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse roots; about 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
E--10 to 28 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate thin platy structure; friable; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; about 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
E/B--28 to 51 centimeters; about 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate thin platy structure; friable; extends as tongues into and surrounds remnants of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common very fine and fine roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2B/E--51 to 66 centimeters; about 70 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam (Bt); moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 5/3) loam (E), pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; weak thin platy structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt--66 to 76 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/3) coatings of sand on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 5 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3Bt--76 to 89 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay bridges between sand grains; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3C--89 to 152 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stratified sand and very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; common coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 15 percent gravel as an average; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 90A-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part, Sawyer County, Wisconsin subset; about 10.5 miles south and 2.5 miles east of Hayward; located about 2,200 feet east and 1,250 feet north of the southwest corner of section 19, T. 39 N., R. 8 W.; USGS Hauer topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 50 minutes 42 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 24 minutes 37 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to stratified sandy outwash--50 to 100 centimeters
Thickness of the silty mantle--30 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--8 to 17 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)15 to 50 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texturesilt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--2 to 13 centimeters
Some areas have a few stones on the surface
Ap horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4 (when value of 3, moist, value is 6 or more, dry)
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--2 to 13 centimeters
Bw horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 or 6
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 25 centimeters
E horizon or the E part of the E/B or B/E horizons:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3 (colors of 4/3 or 5/3, moist have value of 7 or more, dry)
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the E horizon--0 to 20 centimeters
Thickness of the E/B or B/E horizon--10 to 65 centimeters
Bt horizon (when present) or the Bt part of the E/B or B/E horizons:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 or 6
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--15 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the Bt horizon--0 to 25 centimeters
Depth to redoximorphic depletions--below the upper 25 centimeters of the argillic horizon in some pedons
2E part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizons:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--40 to 75 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizon--0 to 25 centimeters
2Bt horizon (when present) and the 2Bt part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizons:
Hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--40 to 75 percent, the 2Bt horizon has less than 50 percent fine sand or sand coarser than fine sand
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the 2Bt horizon--0 to 15 centimeters
3Bt horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--loamy sand or loamy coarse sand, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--5 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content--3 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.65 g/cc
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters
Some pedons have strata with a rock fragment content of 0 to 65 percent
3C horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 8
Texture--stratified sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--0 to 5 percent
Sand content--90 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--3 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.55 to 1.80 g/cc
Some pedons have strata with a rock fragment content of 0 to 65 percent
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loess or silty alluvium and loamy alluvium and in the underlying stratified sandy outwash
Landform--outwash plains, stream terraces, outwash terraces, glacial lake plains, glacial drainageways, and outwash areas of moraines
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--205 to 595 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 865 millimeters
Frost-free days--110 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Antigo,
Minocqua,
Ossmer, and
Sconsin soils.
Antigo--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Minocqua--are on lower landscape positions in depressions and drainageways and are frequently saturated from the soil surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Ossmer--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 to 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sconsin--are on higher landscape positions and have a densic contact with a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc within a depth of 100 centimeters
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.75 to 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second in the silty and loamy mantle, and 42.34 to 423.30 micrometers per second in the sandy outwash
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. The native vegetation is northern hardwood forest with scattered conifers. Second growth species include sugar maple, American basswood, northern red oak, yellow birch, quaking aspen, big tooth aspen, white ash, and black cherry. Some areas are cultivated. Some areas are pastured. The principal crops are corn, small grains, and hay.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A) and Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B)
LRR K; northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota: MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sawyer County, Wisconsin, 2002.
REMARKS:
Particle size control section--the zone from a depth of 51 to 89 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 51 centimeters (A, E, and E/B horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 10 to 51 centimeters (E horizon and the E part of the E/B horizon);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 28 to 66 centimeters (E/B and 2B/E horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 51 to 89 centimeters (2B/E, 2Bt and 3Bt horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Billyboy soils have a glossic horizon. Horizonation has a wide range depending upon the thickness of the silty mantle and the extent to which eluviation has occured. Therefore there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons singularly or in combination, with or without Bt or 2Bt horizons.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.