LOCATION ANTIGO WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Antigo silt loam, on a plane slope of less than 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 463 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 6 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; pH 6.8; abrupt smooth boundary.
E--23 to 30 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak thin platy structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 1 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; pH 6.1; clear wavy boundary.
B/E--30 to 48 centimeters; about 70 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate very fine angular blocky structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak thin platy structure; very friable; common fine roots; pH 4.9; clear irregular boundary.
Bt1--48 to 71 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common coats of pale brown (10YR 6/3) clean silt and very fine sand grains on vertical faces of peds; about 1 percent gravel and cobbles; pH 4.5; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bt2--71 to 79 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common coatings of pale brown (10YR 6/3) clean silt and sand grains primarily on vertical faces of peds; about 11 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; pH 4.4; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Bt3--79 to 84 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay bridges between mineral grains; about 34 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; pH 4.5; abrupt wavy boundary.
3C--84 to 152 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stratified sand and gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 16 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; few fine roots; pH 5.1.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 90B-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part, Langlade County, Wisconsin subset; about 2 miles northeast of Antigo; located about 1,270 feet west and 345 feet north of the southeast corner of section 16, T. 31 N., R. 11 E.; USGS Bryant topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 09 minutes 48 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 07 minutes 07 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to stratified sandy outwash--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--8 to 17 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 50 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ap horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5 (when value moist is 3, value dry is 6 or more)
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--5 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--13 to 30 centimeters
Some areas have few stones on the surface or in the subsurface
A horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 17 percent
Sand content--5 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 13 centimeters
E horizon and E part of the E/B or B/E horizons:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3 (colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value, dry of 7 or more)
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 15 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the E horizon--0 to 25 centimeters
Bw horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--5 to 15 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
Bt part of the E/B or B/E horizon and the Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--8 to 27 percent
Sand content--15 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the glossic horizon--0 to 50 centimeters
Thickness of the Bt horizon--0 to 50 centimeters
2E part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizons (when present):
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--5 to 18 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 13 centimeters
2Bt part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizons (when present) and the 2Bt horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--2 to 17 percent
Sand content--35 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizons--0 to 13 centimeters
Thickness of the 2Bt horizons--0 to 25 centimeters
2Bt horizons with 50 percent or more fine sand or coarser are less than 13 centimeters thick
Some pedons have 3Bt horizons with colors like the 2Bt part described above and textures of sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
3C horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--stratified sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--0 to 6 percent
Sand content--90 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content (weighted average)--3 to 45 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.50 to 1.80 g/cc
Some individual strata may be extremely gravelly with a rock fragment content up to 65 percent
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loess or silty alluvium and in loamy alluvium or sandy outwash or both and in the underlying stratified sandy outwash
Landform--outwash plains, stream terraces, eskers, kames, glacial lake plains, and moraines
Slope--0 to 30 percent
Elevation--185 to 600 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--90 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Billyboy,
Langlade,
Minocqua,
Ossmer, and
Sconsin soils.
Billyboy--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.75 to 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Langlade--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Antigo soils and do not have a sand content of more than 35 percent within a depth of 100 centimeters
Miocqua--are on lower landscape positions in depressions and drainageways and are frequently saturated from the soil surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Ossmer--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 to 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sconsin--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a densic contact with a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc within a depth of 100 centimeters
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second in the silty and loamy layers, and 42.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the underlying sandy outwash
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains, and hay. In some places, potatoes and snap beans are important crops and some areas are pastured. Some areas are forested. The native vegetation is American basswood, sugar maple, yellow birch, white ash, big tooth aspen, quaking aspen, and black cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic divisions--Interior Plains and Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Provinces--Central Lowland and Superior Upland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B),
Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B), and
Superior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Eastern Part (93B)
LRR K; northern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Langlade County, Wisconsin, l947.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 30 to 80 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 30 centimeters (Ap and E horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 23 to 48 centimeters (E and E part of B/E horizon);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 48 centimeters (B/E horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 84 centimeters (B/E, Bt1, 2Bt2, and 2Bt3 horizons);
lithologic discontinuity--at the upper boundary of the 2Bt2 horizon at a depth of 71 centimeters and at the upper boundary of the 3C horizon at a depth of 84 centimeters;
udic moisture regime.
Antigo soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). Horizonation has a wide range depending on the thickness of the silty mantle and the degree to which eluviation has occurred. Therefore, there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons, singly or in combination, with or without Bt or 2Bt horizons.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data (NSSL).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedonids 79WI067088 and 81WI069001 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).