LOCATION BOTON                   NV

Established Series
Rev. MJZ/DD/RLB/JBF
10/2015

BOTON SERIES

The Boton series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in a thin layer of loess and alluvium derived from mixed rocks influenced by volcanic ash over lacustrine sediments. Boton soils are on lake plains and basin floor remnants. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Duric Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Boton silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 8 cm, light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; weak thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular pores; violently effervescent (less than 1 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 15 cm thick)

A2--8 to 25 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; strong thin platy structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many fine and medium vesicular pores; violently effervescent (less than 1 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 36 cm thick)

Bq--25 to 30 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; strong thin platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; 20 percent durinodes; violently effervescent (10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 cm thick)

2Bqk1--30 to 46 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam stratified with thin lenses of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; common fine black (10YR 2/1) stains on faces of peds and common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) relict redox concentrations; strong thin platelike bedding planes; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and common fine roots; many fine tubular pores; 20 percent durinodes; few fine lime filaments; violently effervescent (17 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 30 cm thick)

2Bqk2--46 to 69 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam stratified with thin lenses of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; few fine black (10YR 2/1) stains and many coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) relict redox concentrations; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; 50 percent durinodes; few fine lime filaments; violently effervescent (22 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 38 cm thick)

2Bk1--69 to 81 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam stratified with thin lenses of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; few fine manganese stains on faces of peds and many coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) relict redox concentrations; weak thin bedding planes; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many fine tubular pores; few fine lime filaments; violently effervescent (20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 46 cm thick)

2Bk2--81 to 152 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam stratified with thin lenses of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; few fine manganese stains on faces of peds and common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) relict redox concentrations; weak thin bedding planes; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common fine tubular pores; few fine and medium lime filaments; few fine soft masses of gypsum; violently effervescent (20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent); strongly alkaline (pH 8.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Pershing County, Nevada; approximately 5 miles south of Jungo, in an unsurveyed area about 13,000 feet east and 5,000 feet north of the southeast corner of section 1, T. 34 N., R. 31 E.; latitude 40 degrees 50 minutes 22 seconds N and longitude 118 degrees 25 minutes 6 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.8478889 latitude, -118.3811111 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist for short periods in winter and spring and dry May through early November; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C.
Depth to lacustrine materials: 25 to 50 cm.
Depth to Bq or Bqk horizons: 13 to 50 cm.
Other features: Subhorizons with thin or very thin varves or lenses are common in the lacustrine sediments.
Relict iron redox concentrations: Common or many, faint or distinct, fine to coarse in the lacustrine sediments.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 18 to 27 percent.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline

Bq and 2Bqk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Structure: Platy bedding planes or horizon is massive, some pedons have subangular block or platy structure in the upper horizons.
Texture: Average silt loam with strata of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam.
Consistence: Slightly plastic or moderately plastic, wet
Cementation: 20 to 60 percent weakly or strongly cemented durinodes in a friable matrix. Silica lenses and thin silica coatings are in the upper horizons of some pedons.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: Averages 5 to 20 percent.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline
Exchangeable sodium: 45 to 70 percent.

2Bk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Texture: Average silt loam, strata of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam common in subhorizons of some pedons.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard, dry; very friable or friable, moist; slightly plastic or moderately plastic, wet.
Structure: Platelike bedding planes or horizon is massive.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: Averages 5 to 20 percent.
Reaction : Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline
Exchangeable sodium: 49 to 99 percent.
Gypsum filaments: Are lacking in subhorizons of some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Batan and Uwell series.

Batan and Urwell soils have a mean annual soil temperature of less than 12 degrees C.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Boton soils are on lake plains and basin floor remnants. These soils formed in thin layer of loess and alluvium influenced by volcanic ash over lacustrine sediments. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations are 1,200 to 1,400 meters. The climate is cool, arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm; mean annual temperature is 11 to 13 degrees C., and the frost-free season is 125 to 140 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cresal and Mazuma soils. These soils lack lacustrine sediments within 25 to 50 cm.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow or very slow runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly shadscale, black greasewood and seepweed.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 24, 27.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pershing County, Nevada, East part. 1986.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and part of the A2 horizons).
Silica accumulation - The zone from 25 to 69 cm (Bq, 2Bqk1 and 2Bqk2 horizons).
Durinodic feature - The zone from 25 to 69 cm (Bq, 2Bqk1 and 2Bqk2 horizons).
Secondary carbonates - The zone from 46 to 152 cm (2Bqk2, 2Bk1 and 2Bk2 horizons).
Lacustrine material - The zone from 30 to 152 cm (2Bqk1, 2Bkq2, 2Bk1 and 2Bk2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bq, 2Bqk1, 2Bqk2, Bk and part of the Bk2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.