LOCATION BATAN                   NV

Established Series
Rev. RAF/TM/JVC/JBF
02/2016

BATAN SERIES

The Batan series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Batan soils are on stream terraces, flood plains, and alluvial flat remnants. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Duric Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Batan silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 13 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; strong very thin platy structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many vesicular, few very fine interstitial and tubular pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 15 cm thick)

A2--13 to 23 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate very thin and thin and strong very thick platy structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 38 cm thick)

Bq--23 to 48 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) paragravelly silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine tubular pores; 30 percent 5 to 15 mm hard, firm, brittle durinodes; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 40 cm thick)

Bqk1--48 to 76 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) paragravelly silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak very thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and few fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; 20 percent 5 to 15 mm hard, firm, brittle durinodes; fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) threads of secondary carbonate; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); gradual smooth boundary (10 to 33 cm thick)

Bqk2--76 to 112 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) paragravelly silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong medium platy structure parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; common fine distinct light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; 20 percent 5 to 15 mm hard, firm, brittle durinodes; fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) threads of secondary carbonate; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual smooth boundary. (18 to 50 cm thick)

Bqk3--112 to 160 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) paragravelly silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate very thin and thin platy structure parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial and few fine tubular pores; many fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) masses of iron accumulation, brown (7.5YR 4/2) and dark reddish brown (2.5YR 2/4) moist; 20 percent 5 to 15 mm hard, firm, brittle durinodes; fine white (10YR 8/1) threads of secondary carbonate; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 76 cm thick)

2C--160 to 173 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine faint iron mottles pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Lander County, Nevada; about 6.2 miles southeast of Battle Mountain; approximately 1,585 feet west and 1,585 feet north of the approximate southeast corner of section 31, T. 32 N., R. 46 E.; USGS Bateman Spring 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 36 minutes 5 seconds N and longitude 116 degrees 49 minutes 50 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.6013889 latitude, -116.8305556 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in winter and spring, dry in late May through early November; typic aridic (torric) moisture regime; There is a water table influence at depths immediately below 150 cm.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 12 degrees C.
Depth to durinodes: 23 to 60 cm.
Salinity and sodicity: Most pedons are salt and sodium affected. Some pedons near drainageways and stream channels lack salt and sodium in the upper horizons.
Redox concentrations: Faint or distinct iron concentrations are common in any horizon below 25 cm.
Gypsum: Gypsum crystals are in some pedons below depth of 50 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 20 to 30 percent.

A horizons
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Other features: Slightly effervescent through violently effervescent.

Bq and Bqk horizons
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Paragravelly silt loam or paragravelly silty clay loam; but may be stratified fine sandy loam to silty clay.
Structure: Platy, angular blocky, prismatic, or it is massive.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard dry; friable or very friable, moist; slightly sticky or sticky, slightly plastic or plastic, wet.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Other features: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Durinodes: 20 to 40 percent; some pedons have subhorizons with up to 70 percent discontinuous weak silica cementation.

2C horizon (when present)
Some pedons have unconformable stratified very gravelly sands and fine sands at depths below 127 cm.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Boton and Uwell series.

Boton soils have lacustrine sediment at 25 to 50 cm and have a mean annual soil temperature of 12 to 14 degrees C. Uwell soils have a Bk horizon within 10 cm of the surface and have a aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Batan soils are on stream terraces, flood plains, and alluvial flat remnants. These soils formed in silty alluvium form mixed rock sources of mostly volcanic origin that are high in loess and pyroclastic material. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations are 1,220 to 1,865 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm; mean annual temperature is 8 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bubus, Hessing, Landco, Ocala, Relley, Rosney and Sonoma soils. Bubus soils are coarse-loamy control sections. Hessing soils are coarse-loamy and have less than 20 percent durinodes in the Bq horizon. Landco, Rosney, and Sonoma soils lack a Bq horizon. Landco soil also are coarse-silty over clayey, and Sonoma soils are saturated at some period in most years. Ocala soils are somewhat poorly drained.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Some areas are subject to occasional flooding.

USE AND VEGETATION: Batan soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Small acreages have been reclaimed and are cropped to alfalfa hay. The vegetation on salt and sodium affected areas is principally weak greasewood, shadscale, littleleaf horsebrush, suaeda, and basin wildrye. On less salt and sodium affected areas vegetation is principally bud sagebrush, saltbush, bottlebrush squirreltail, pepperweed, and other mustards.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Nevada. These soils are extensive with about 101,000 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 24.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lander County, North Part, Nevada, 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and part of the A2 horizons).
Durinodes - The zone from 23 to 160 cm (Bq, Bqk1, Bqk2, and Bqk3 horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates: The zone from 48 to 160 cm (Bqk1, Bqk2, and Bqk3 horizons).
Endosaturation - The zone from 48 to 173 cm (The Bqk1, Bqk2, Bqk3 and 2C horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bqk1 and parts of the Bq and Bqk2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.