LOCATION BOWES IL+INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bowes silt loam in an area of 0 to 2 percent slopes in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 280 meters (920 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine and fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]
E--23 to 33 cm (9 to 13 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
Bt1--33 to 48 cm (13 to 19 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--48 to 71 cm (19 to 28 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--71 to 91 cm (28 to 36 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--91 to 109 cm (36 to 43 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 51 to 124 cm (20 to 49 inches).]
2Bt5--109 to 117 cm (43 to 46 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; firm; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; 22 percent gravel; 5 percent dolomitic cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt6--117 to 130 cm (46 to 51 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) very gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) organo-clay films on pebbles and as bridges between sand grains; 40 percent gravel; 10 percent dolomitic cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 13 to 46 cm (5 to 18 inches).]
2C--130 to 155 cm (51 to 61 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 45 percent gravel; 10 percent dolomitic cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Kane County, Illinois; about 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) west of West Dundee; 101 meters (330 feet) west and 101 meters (330 feet) north of the center of sec. 19, T. 42 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Elgin, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 06 minutes 14 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 20 minutes 45 seconds W.; NAD 27; UTM Zone 16T, 0388715 easting and 4662205 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches). The depth to horizons with greater than 15 percent sand ranges from 71 to 152 cm (28 to 60 inches).
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam with less than 10 percent sand. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is silty clay loam or silt loam. Clay content averages between 25 and 35 percent; sand content averages less than 10 percent; and rock fragment content averages less than 5 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to strongly acid.
The 2Bt or 2BC horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand. Sand content ranges from 30 to 85 percent. Rock fragment content ranges from 15 to 60 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately alkaline.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. It ranges from gravelly sandy loam to extremely gravelly coarse sand. Sand content ranges from 60 to 95 percent, gravel content ranges from 15 to 75 percent, and the percent of cobbles ranges from 5 to 35 percent. Carbonates are present, and reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Batavia,
Churchtown,
Deroin,
Downs,
Ella,
Festina,
Frankville,
Gladek,
Greenbush,
Harvard,
Hersey,
Knox,
Luana,
Mannon,
Massbach,
Mellott,
Mt. Carroll,
Myrtle,
Nasset,
Newhouse,
Oak Center,
Watkins,
Waubeek and
Yutan series. All of these soils except Frankville, Luana, Massbach, Nasset, Newhouse, and Oak Center have less than 20 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Frankville, Massbach, and Nassett soils have a lithic or paralithic contact in the lower part of the series control section. Luana soils are less than 102 cm (40 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Newhouse and Oak Center soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bowes soils formed in 71 to 152 cm (28 to 60 inches) of loess or silty material and in loamy or sandy gravelly outwash on outwash plains and stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 8 to 11 degrees C (47 to 52 degrees F.), mean annual precipitation ranges from 760 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 207 to 311 meters (680 feet to 1020 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dresden, Fox, Rush, and Waupecan soils. The well drained Dresden and Fox soils have sand and gravel at shallower depths and are on similar or more sloping positions on risers on outwash plains. The well drained Rush soils have lighter colored surface layers, and the well drained Waupecan soils have a mollic epipedon. Rush and Waupecan soils are on similar landform positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: These soils are well drained. The potential for surface runoff is slow to rapid. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum and very high (greater than 141.11 micrometers per second) in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Largely used to grow corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume-grass hay. Native vegetation is a mixture of prairie grasses and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Illinois and west-central Indiana. Extent is moderate in MLRAs 95B, 110, and 111D.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: DeKalb County, Illinois, June 27, 1973.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and soil features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 33 cm (13 inches) (Ap and E horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of 33 to 130 cm (13 to 51 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, and 2Bt6 horizons); udic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: The typical pedon is 67IL-089-001. NSSL pedon number is 40A2805.