LOCATION YUTAN NEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Yutan silty clay loam, on an east facing convex side slope of 7 percent, in cropland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots throughout; many very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 18 centimeters (4 to 7 inches) thick)
Bt1--15 to 33 centimeters (6 to 13 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; vertical krotovina with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) material; many faint continuous clay films (cutans) on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--33 to 51 centimeters (13 to 20 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) soft masses of iron accumulation; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; vertical krotovina with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) material; many faint continuous clay films (cutans) on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; few fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--51 to 69 centimeters (20 to 27 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation and few medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; common faint continuous clay films (cutans) on vertical faces of peds; common fine and few medium irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--69 to 81 centimeters (27 to 32 inches); olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation and few medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; few faint discontinuous clay films (cutans) on vertical faces of peds; many fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (combined Bt horizons, 25 to 102 centimeters (10 to 40 inches) thick)
BC--81 to 109 centimeters (32 to 43 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, 50% light gray (2.5Y 7/2) and 50% light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; many coarse faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; few very fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 51 centimeters (4 to 20 inches) thick)
C1--109 to 160 centimeters (43 to 63 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; many medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) soft masses of iron accumulation; massive; friable; common fine tubular pores; many fine and medium irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; neutral; diffuse smooth boundary.
C2--160 to 203 centimeters (63 to 80 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) soft masses of iron accumulation and common faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; massive; friable; common fine tubular pores; many fine and medium irregular soft masses of iron-manganese; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Saunders County, Nebraska; about 4 miles south and 4 miles east of Swedeburg; 655 meters (2150 feet) west and 46 meters (150 feet) north of the southeast corner of section 20, T. 13 N., R. 8 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Udic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 9 to 10 degrees C (48 to 50 degrees F)
Depth to argillic horizon: 25 to 76 centimeters (10 to 30 inches)
Clay content of particle size control section: 27 to 35 percent
Thickness of the mollic colors: 10 to 23 centimeters (4 to 9 inches) typically 15 centimeters (6 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 46 to 152 centimeters (18 to 60 inches)
Reaction: Strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
Redoximorphic features: relict, not indicative of present drainage conditions.
Redoximorphic features: hues of 7.5YR to 2.5Y in the Bt horizon and generally increase in size and abundance through the BC and C horizons.
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: Silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 40 percent
Sand content: <10 percent
Bt1 horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 through 5 moist, 5 through 7 dry
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: Silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 33 to 42 percent.
Sand content: <10 percent
Bt2, Bt3 and Bt4 horizons (when present):
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 through 5 moist, 5 through 7 dry
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: Silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Sand content: <10 percent
BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: Silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 24 to 33 percent
Sand content: <12 percent
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 through 6 moist, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: Silt loam
Clay content: 20 to 27 percent
Sand content: <15 percent
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Ashton,
Batavia,
Bowes,
Bunceton,
Churchtown,
Deroin,
Downs,
Ella,
Festina,
Frankville,
Greenbush,
Harvard,
Hersey,
Knox,
Luana,
Mannon,
Massbach,
Mellott,
Mt. Carroll,
Myrtle,
Nasset,
Newhouse,
Shelbyville,
Watkins and
Waubeek soils.
Ashton soils have 25 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have hues of 7.5YR and 5YR in the Bt horizon
Batavia soils have 27 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have 2Bt and 2C horizons which are stratified clay loam to sandy loam.
Bowes soils have 27 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have 2B and 2C horizons which have more than 15 percent gravel.
Bunceton soils have fragic characteristics and cherty residual material. Churchtown soils have 10 to 55 percent sand in the upper one-half of the control section.
Deroin soils are redder in color, 7.YR or 5 YR and more than 10 percent sand in the control section.
Downs soils have 32 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon.
Ella soils have a sand content of more than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Festina soils have 29 percent or less clay throughout and have evident stratification of the coarse and fine silts in the upper 40 inches of the solum.
Frankville soils have limestone bedrock at 20 to 40 inches.
Greenbush, Heresy and Mannon soils have a surface layer with less than 35 percent clay.
Harvard soils have 27 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have a 2C horizon which has more than 20 percent sand and is stratified.
Knox soils have 30 percent or less clay in the upper 13 inches of the control section.
Luana soils have 24 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have 10 to 35 percent by volume of limestone fragments below depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Massbach soils have an E horizon and have calcareous rippable shale at 40 to 60 inches.
Mellott soils have 22 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have 2B, 3B and 3C horizons which have more than 23 percent sand.
Mt. Carroll soils have less than 27 percent clay throughout the control section.
Myrtle soils have 29 percent or less clay in the Ap and A horizons and have a 2B horizon which has more than 15 percent sand and 2.5YR through 7.5YR hues.
Nasset soils have limestone bedrock at a depth of 40 to 55 inches.
Newhouse soils have less than 30 percent clay in the Ap horizon and have a 2B horizon which is stratified and has 5 to 35 percent coarse fragments.
Shelbyville soils have 27 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have a 2B horizon which has more than 40 percent clay.
Waubeek soils have 26 percent or less clay in the Ap horizon and have 2B, 2BC and 2C horizons which have more than 20 percent sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Loess.
Landform: Convex shoulder, back slopes and narrow summits of uplands and high stream terraces of a paleo valley.
Slopes: 2 to 17 percent but typically 5 to 11 percent
Mean annual temperature: 11 to 12 degrees C (51 to 54 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 71 to 81 centimeters (28 to 32 inches)
Frost-free period: 150 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Aksarben,
Judson,
Pohocco, and
Tomek soils.
Aksarben soils have mollic epipedons 10 to 24 inches thick, average 35 to 42 percent clay in the particle size control section, and are on slightly higher positions on the landscape.
Judson and Tomek soils have mollic epipedons greater than 24 inches thick. Judson soils are on footslopes below the Yutan soils on the landform.
Tomek soils are on nearly level broad summits on the landscape.
Pohocco soils do not have an argillic horizon and average 20 to 30 percent clay in the particle size control section, have carbonates at depths less than 40 inches, and are on steeper backslopes on the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained.
Surface runoff: medium to high.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: high
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in cropland.
Major crops are corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and winter wheat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nebraska and possibly northeastern Kansas. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Saunders County, Nebraska, 1990.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon: 15 to 81 centimeters (6 to 32 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and Bt4 horizons)
Moisture regime: udic
These soils are assumed to have originally classified as fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls. However, because of severe erosion, these soils no longer have the thick dark surface soil necessary for this classification. In addition, the part of the soil containing the most clay is now at or near the surface. These changes have a significant affect on the use and management of these soils.
11/2005 JCR LM changed to semi-tab format, added metric conversion and saturated hydraulic conductivity.