LOCATION BOWIE                   TX+AR LA

Established Series
ACP:MLG:GLL:SJR:EPM:MJB
10/2016

BOWIE SERIES

The Bowie series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loamy Coastal Plain deposits on the Queen City, Reklaw, Cook Mountain, Sparta, Cockfield and Carrizo Sand Formations. These very gently sloping to moderately

sloping soils are on interfluves. Slopes range from 1 to 8 percent but are dominantly 1 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 18 degrees C (65 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1270 mm (50 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

TYPICAL PEDON: Bowie very fine sandy loam, 3 percent slope elevation is 114.3 m (375 ft), in native pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); brown (10YR 4/3) very fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and common medium roots; about 2 to 3 percent by volume ironstone pebbles 2 to 5 mm in size; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 20 cm [2 to 8 in])

E--13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; about 1 to 2 percent by volume ironstone pebbles 2 to 5 mm in size; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the E horizon is 0 to 30 cm [0 to 12 in])

Bt1--25 to 58 cm (10 to 23 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films in pores and root channels; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; about 3 to 4 percent by volume ironstone pebbles 2 to 8 mm in size; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--58 to 79 cm (23 to 31 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; common thin clay films on surfaces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and common coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; about 2 percent by volume nodular plinthite; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 13 to 115 cm [5 to 45 in])

Btv--79 to 114 cm (31 to 46 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; common thin clay films on surfaces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and common coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; about 8 to 10 percent by volume nodular plinthite; about 2 percent by volume ironstone concretions 5 to 10 mm in size; 5 to 10 percent by volume brittle masses; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness of the Btv horizon is 0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in])

Btv/E--114 to 173 cm (46 to 68 in); about 95 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots mainly along surfaces of prisms few thin clay films mainly along surface of prisms; ; many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) and many faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redox concentrations; many redox depletions; about 5 to 7 percent by volume nodular plinthite; about 5 to 6 percent by volume coatings of albic material on surface of prisms; about 3 percent by volume ironstone pebbles 2 to 5 mm in size; 15 to 20 percent by volume brittle masses; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Btv/E horizon is 15 to 61 cm [6 to 24 in])

B't--173 to 211 cm (68 to 83 in); mixed matrix of strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), (7.5YR5/8 dry), gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and red (10R 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; very firm, sticky and plastic; about 2 percent by volume nodular plinthite; few thin plates of plinthite; common distinct clay films on surface of prisms and common distinct clay films on surface of peds; very strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Harrison County, Texas; from the intersection of U.S. Highways 59 and 80 in Marshall, 4.4 miles south on U.S. Highway 59, 6.7 miles west on Interstate 20, 1.0 mile south on Farm Road 3251, 0.9 mile west on county road;

300 feet north. Darco USGS topographic quadrangle: Latitude: 32.475 degrees N; Longitude: -94.48972222 W, NAD 83. UTM Easting: 360011 m, UTM Northing: 3594065 m, Zone 15.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 16 to 21 degrees C (61 to 70 degrees F)
Depth to argillic horizon: 5 to 51 cm (2 to 20 in)
Thickness of solum: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 in)
Depth to redox concentrations: 25 cm to 173 cm (10 to 68 in)
Depth to episaturation: 107 to 152 cm (42 to 60 in)
Depth to albic materials: 114 to 173 cm (45 to 68 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content in the Control Section: 18 to 30 percent
Silt plus very fine sand : 30 to 60 percent
Very fine sand and fragments up to 8 cm (3 in) in diameter: 15 to 45 percent of sand fraction
Cation Exchage Capacity: 6.0 to 18.0 meg/100 gram of soil.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, horizons with value of 3 are less than 7 inches thick
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
E horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)EB or BE horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 6
Texture: loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)

Bt horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount-none to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-red, brown or yellow, location-in the matrix
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 14 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Plinthite: 0 to 4 percent with or without streaks, coatings, or pockets of uncoated sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid (4.5 to 6.0)

Btv horizon(where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-red or brown
Redox depletions: amount-none to common, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint or distinct boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-gray located below a depth of 75 cm (30 in)
Brittleness: 5 to 40 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 14 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Albic materials: 0 to 4 percent, by volume, coatings, streaks, or pockets
Plinthite: amount-5 to 15 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid (4.5 to 5.5) Btv/E or Bt/E horizon

Btv/E horizon
Btv part
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam

E part
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7
Chroma: 1 to 4


Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-red or brown
Redox depletions: amount-few to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint or distinct boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-gray
Brittleness: 5 to 40 percent
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 14 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Albic materials (E): 5 to 20 percent by volume (E part) coatings, streaks, or pockets
Plinthite: amount-5 to 15 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid(4.5 to 5.5)

B't or BC horizon (where present)
Color: shades of brown or gray
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay. Some pedons have strata of fine sandy loam or clay
Clay content: 25 to 40 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to clear, shades-yellow or red, or is stratified with these colors
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 9 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Albic materials: 0 to 4 percent by volume steaks or pockets
Plinthite (where present): amount-0 to 4 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid (4.5 to 5.5)

C horizon (where present)
Color: shades of red, yellow, or brown
Texture: sandstone or stratified sandstone and shale/mudstone with texture of fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent; kind-ironstone; size-gravel
Other features: depth to a C horizon is more than 150 cm (60 in)
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid (4.5 to 5.5)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baxterville (MS), Malbis(AL), Notcher(AL), Otanya(TX), Pinetucky(TX), and Rogan(TX) soils in the same family. Bernaldo(TX), Erno(TX), Lilbert(TX), Oakwood(TX), and Warnock(AR) soils are in similar families.
Baxterville soils: have colors with hue redder than 7.5YR in the Bt horizon.
Malbis soils: receive more than 76 cm (30 in) warm-season precipitation, have a summer moisture deficit of 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in), and are developed from Pleistocene Age sediments.
Notcher soils: receive more than 76 cm (30 in) warm-season precipitation, have a summer moisture deficit of 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in), and are developed from Pleistocene Age sediments, have ironstone fragments making up 5 to 25 percent of the Bt horizon.
Otanya soils: : receive more than 76 cm (30 in) warm-season precipitation, have a summer moisture deficit of 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in), and are developed from Pleistocene Age sediments.
Pinetucky soils: : receive more than 76 cm (30 in) warm-season precipitation, have a summer moisture deficit of 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in), and are developed from Pleistocene Age sediments.
Rogan soils: : receive more than 76 cm (30 in) warm-season precipitation, have a summer moisture deficit of 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in), and are developed from Pleistocene Age sediments, have ironstone fragments making up 5 to 25 percent of the Bt horizon.
Bernaldo soils: are alfisols and do not contain 5 percent plinthite.
Erno soils: are alfisols and do not contain 5 percent plinthite.
Warnock soils: do not contain 5 percent plinthite.
Oakwood soils: are Alfisols.
Lilbert soils: are in an arenic subgroup.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy and clayey marine deposits of the Claiborne Group on the Queen City, Reklaw, Cook Mountain, Sparta, Cockfield and Carrizo Sand Formations
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Interfluve
Slope: mainly 1 to 5 percent but ranges from 1 to 8 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 13.9 to 21 degrees C (57 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 1016 to 1550 mm (40 to 61 in)
Frost-free period: 196 to 250 days
Elevation: 46 to 183 m (150 to 600 ft)
Thornthwaite P-E index: Exceeds 64

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the competing Bernaldo(TX), Lilbert(TX), and Warnock(AR) soils and the Briley(TX), Cuthbert(TX), Darco(TX), Kirvin(TX), Kullit(OK), and Rentzel(TX), Sacul(AR) soils.
Bernaldo soils: are on slightly lower positions in the landscape along stream terraces and on Pleistocene terraces in upland positions.
Lilbert, Briley, Darco, and Warnock soils: are on similar but slightly higher positions. Lilbert and Briley soils have a sandy epipedon that is 51 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in) thick; Darco soils have a sandy epipedon over 100 cm (40 in) thick; Warnock soils have less than 5 percent plinthite in the control section
Cuthbert soils: have red clayey Bt horizons and are on steeper slopes above streams or along hillsides.
Kirvin and Sacul soils: have red clayey Bt horizons and are above on low hills and oval ridges. The Sacul soils are also on steeper slopes.
Kullit and Rentzel soils: are members of an aquic subgroup and are on lower slightly wetter positions. Rentzel soils also have an arenic epipedon.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Runoff is low on 1 to 3 percent slopes, medium on 3 to 5 percent slopes, and high on 5 to 8 percent slopes. A perched water table is at a depth of 107 to 152 m (3.5 to 5 ft) during winter and early spring in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: The principal use is for pasture and forest. Some areas are used for growing corn, peanuts, sweet potatoes, peaches, watermelons and other vegetables or fruit crops. Pasture is mainly bermudagrass or bahiagrass. Forests consist of loblolly and shortleaf pines, sweetgum, red oak, and hickory trees with tall and midgrasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Land Resource Region P, MLRA 133A and 133B; The series is of large extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bowie County, Texas, 1918.

REMARKS: The series was updated in 2004 to allow moderately acid reaction in the Bt horizon, and for plinthite to range to 0 percent in the lower part of the Bt/E horizon. This series was updated in 2013 to put into semi-tabular format.

Data from Harrison County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 84P0245, 86P0158, 84P0246. Data from Rusk County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 84P0243, 86P0159. Data from Cherokee County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 84P0240. Data from Smith County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 84P0241, 84P0242. Data from Upshur County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 84P0244. Data from Cass County, Texas: KSSL Lab Nos. 95P0138.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric Epipedon: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in) (Ap and E horizon)
Argillic horizon: 25 to 203 cm (10 to more than 80 in) (Bt1, Bt2, Btv/E, B't horizons)
Plinthic feature: more than 5 percent plinthite from 79 to 173 cm (31 to 68 in) (Btv, and Btv/E horizons)
Redoximorphic features: Below 25 cm (10 in)
Episaturation: 114 to 173 cm (Btv/E horizon)

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.