LOCATION BRENNYVILLE MN+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Brennyville silt loam on a slightly convex slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 10 inches thick)
B/E--8 to 11 inches; 75 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (Bt); with about 25 percent tongues of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam (E); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations; friable; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Btl--11 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations and fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletions; friable; common distinct discontinuous dark olive brown (2.5Y 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
2Bt2--21 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium platy structure parting to thin platy; few medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Fe depletions and common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; friable; few distinct discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on bottoms of plates; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt3--28 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium platy structure parting to thin platy; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/3) Fe depletions and common fine distinct dark strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; friable; few distinct discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on bottoms of plates; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 6 to 20 inches)
2BC--38 to 45 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; moderate thick platy structure; firm; few fine and medium faint reddish brown (5YR 5/3) Fe depletions and few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; few thin distinct brown and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on bottoms of plates; about 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2BCd--45 to 80 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; moderate very coarse and extremely coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium platy, few 2 to 3 millimeter oblique fractures 0.5 to 3.0 feet apart; very firm; few faint reddish brown (5YR 5/3) Fe depletions and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations on fracture faces; about 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Mille Lacs County, Minnesota; about 3.5 miles south and 1 mile west of Foreston; about 1,400 feet east and 100 feet south of the northwest corner of Sec. 32, T. 37N., R. 27 W; USGS Foreston SW quadrangle; Lat. 45 degrees 39 minutes 46 seconds N., Long. 93 degrees 44 minutes 00 seconds W. NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the silty mantle ranges from 15 to 30 inches. Depth to dense till (densic contact) ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 5 percent in the silty mantle and 1 to 15 percent in the 2B and 2BC horizons. All parts of the argillic horizon have a base status of more than 60 percent. Stony or very stony phases are recognized in some places.
Where present, an Oe or Oa horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2, is comprised of litter of leaves, needles and mosses.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. The higher value and chroma are typical of the Ap horizon. The A horizon is silt loam or very fine sandy loam. It is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
Where present, the E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2. It is silt loam or very fine sandy loam. It is strongly acid to slightly acid. Redoximorphic features of high chroma are usually present.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4. Texture is silt loam or very fine sandy loam.
The B/E or E/B horizons have colors and textures of the E and Bt horizons. Textures are similar to the E or Bt horizons. The E material ranges from 15 to 85 percent and the Bt material ranges from 85 percent to 15 percent. It is strongly acid or slightly acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or very fine sandy loam. It is strongly acid or slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 5. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam. It is strongly acid to neutral. Clay films are faint or distinct and patchy. Clay content ranges from 10 to 18 percent. Bulk density ranges from 1.55 to 1.75 gm/cc.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 5. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. Clay content averages more than 7 percent. This horizon is restrictive to root penetration due to the platy soil structure, which is a property of the dense till, but is not as restrictive as the BCd horizon. Roots are concentrated along the vertical ped faces. It is moderately acid to neutral. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.65 to 1.80 gm/cc.
The 2BCd horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 5. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the dense till. This is considered to be a densic contact. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.80 to 2.0 gm/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are in the Bemidji, Fallcreek, Glendenning, Hatley, Magnor, Magroc, Mora, Oesterlie, Plover, Rosy and Stinnett soils. Bemidji soils have calcareous, friable glacial till in the lower third of the series control section. Fallcreek soils do not have a lithologic discontinuity in the series control section.Glendenning, Hatley, Oesterlie, Plover and Rosy soils do not have a densic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Magnor soils have base saturation (by sum of cations) of less than 60 percent in some part of the argillic horizon. Magroc soils have sola terminated by bedrock at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Mora soils do not have an upper silty mantle. Stinnett soils average less than 7 percent clay in the lower third of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on nearly level to gently sloping ground and end moraines. Slope range from 0 to 6 percent. Brennyville soils formed in loess or silty lacustrine deposits and the underlying dense loamy glacial till of the Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 37 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 33 inches. Frost-free days range from 90 to 145. Elevation above sea level ranges from 1000 to 1400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adolph, Freer, Milaca, Mora, and Ronneby soils. Adolph is very poorly drained and are on lower lying areas or depressions. Freer soils have more clay in the control section and are lower on the landscape. Milaca soils are well drained and are on terrain that is higher lying and are more sloping. Mora and Ronneby soils lack the silty mantle.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is medium or low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured in inches per hour, is .6 to 2.0 in the silty mantle, .06 to .6 in the lower part and .01 to .06 in the underlying dense till. A perched zone of saturation occurs as high as .5 foot during the months of April to May in years of normal rainfall.
USE AND VEGETATION: About half of this soil is cleared and used for pasture or cropped to corn and hay. The remainder is in woodland or wooded pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous forest or mixed deciduous and coniferous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-90A and MLRA-90B. East Central Minnesota and Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Aitkin County, Minnesota 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon); Glossic horizon - the zone from 8 to 11 inches (B/E horizon); Argillic horizon - the zone from 11 to 38 inches (Bt and 2Bt horizons); Other features are frigid temperature regime and aquic subgroup based upon low chroma redox within 10 inches of the top of the argillic horzion. The 2BCd horizon is considered to be a densic contact.
This soil was formerly correlated as Paget (inactive). It also includes much of what was correlated as Freeon series in Minnesota.
The type location was moved from Benton County, Minnesota to Mille Lacs County Minnesota to better represent the series concept.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 3939, 3752 and 736 for results of laboratory data on similar pedons.