LOCATION BREVORT                 MI+WI

Established Series
Rev. RWJ-WEF-MLK
08/2012

BREVORT SERIES

The Brevort series consists of very deep, poorly drained or very poorly drained soils formed in sandy materials underlain by loamy glacial or lacustrine deposits. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.7 degrees C (44 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, frigid Mollic Endoaquents

TYPICAL PEDON: Brevort loamy sand, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Cg1--20 to 76 cm (8 to 30 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single grain; loose; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches) thick]

2Cg2--76 to 203 cm (30 to 60 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Gladwin County, Michigan; about 3/4 mile west of Highwood; 725 feet east and 100 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 35, T. 18 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Wooden Shoe Village, MI 7.5 minute topographical quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 55 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 19 minutes 28 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the lithologic discontinuity (2C horizon): 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)

O horizon, where present: when plowed, the amount of organic matter is too low for a histic epipedon
Thickness: 13 to 15 cm (5 to 6 inches)

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1
Texture: sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, mucky sand, mucky loamy sand, mucky loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline

Ap horizon:
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, mucky sand, mucky loamy sand, mucky loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand; a thin layer of gravelly sand or gravelly loamy sand is between the Cg and 2C in some pedons
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Burleigh series. Burleigh soils have textural stratification in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Brevort soils are on lake plains and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Brevort soils formed in sandy materials underlain by loamy glacial or lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 864 mm (28 to 34 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 5.6 to 7.2 degrees C (42 to 45 degrees F). Mean summer temperature ranges from 17.8 to 20.0 degrees C (64 to 68 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Iosco, Menominee, Roscommon, and Sims soils. The well drained Menominee soils and the somewhat poorly drained Iosco soils are in a drainage sequence with Brevort soils. The Roscommon and Sims soils are common associates in some places.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained or very poorly drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the sandy materials and moderately high in the loamy materials. Permeability is rapid or moderately rapid in the sandy upper horizons and moderate or moderately slow in the 2C horizon.

USE AND VEGETATION: The major part of this soil is in forest, permanent pasture, or is idle land. A minor part is cultivated. Hay and small grain are the principal crops. The forest is chiefly aspen, red maple, northern whitecedar, and balsam fir.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 90B, 93B, 94A, 94B, 94C, 95A, 96, and 98 in the northern part of the Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in northern Wisconsin. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Montcalm County, Michigan, 1956.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon (mollic intergrade): from the surface to a depth of 20 cm (8 inches) (Ap horizon).
Lithologic discontinuity: at 76 cm (30 inches) (top of the 2Cg2 horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below the ochric epipedon.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.