LOCATION IOSCO MI+WI

Established Series
Rev. LWB-WEF-MLK
08/2012

IOSCO SERIES

The Iosco series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in sandy lacustrine deposits or outwash and the underlying loamy lacustrine deposits or till on ground moraines, outwash plains, and lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.7 degrees C (44 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, active, frigid Argic Endoaquods

TYPICAL PEDON: Iosco loamy sand, on a 1 percent slope in an idle area on a till plain. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

E--18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

Bhs--23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 10 cm (4 inches) thick]

Bs1--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) sand; single grain; loose; common fine roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs2--38 to 71 cm (15 to 28 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bs horizon is 13 to 76 cm (5 to 30 inches).]

E'--71 to 86 cm (28 to 34 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

2Bt--86 to 102 cm (34 to 40 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; thin clay films; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 51 cm (4 to 20 inches) thick]

2C--102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium angular blocky fragments; firm; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Iosco County, Michigan, about 4 1/2 miles northwest of the town of East Tawas; 2,640 feet south and 150 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 35, T. 22 N., R. 7 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the lithologic discontinuity (2Bt horizon): dominantly 53 to 91 cm (21 to 36 inches), and ranges from 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 89 cm (35 inches) to greater than 152 cm (60 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loamy sand, sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loamy sand, sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy sand, sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bhs horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 or 3; chroma of 1 with 10YR hue only
Texture: sand, fine sand or loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid.

Bs or Bs1 horizons in pedons without a Bhs horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4; value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Ortstein content: 0 to 45 percent small fragments of orstein
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

Bs or Bs2 horizon in pedons with a Bhs horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Ortstein content: 0 to 45 percent small fragments of orstein
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

E' horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles

B/E horizons, where present:
E part: occurs as thick coatings on peds and fillings in cracks and root channels in the upper part of the 2Bt horizon

Bt horizon, where present:
Thickness: 0 to 13 cm (5 inches)
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent gravel and 0 to 7 percent cobbles
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

2C horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent gravel and 0 to 7 percent cobbles
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Iosco soils are on ground moraines, outwash plains, and lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to about 6 percent. The Iosco soils formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of sandy lacustrine deposits or outwash and in the underlying loamy lacustrine deposits or till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 813 mm (28 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 5.0 to 7.2 degrees C (41 to 45 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Au Gres, Brevort, Croswell, Menominee, and Rubicon soils. The well drained Menominee soils on higher landscape positions and the poorly drained and very poorly drained Brevort soils on lower landscape positions are in the same drainage sequence with the Iosco soils. The Au Gres soils are sandy throughout and are on similar landscape positions. The moderately well drained Croswell soils and excessively drained Rubicon soils are sandy throughout and are on higher landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (.5 to 1.5 feet) between September and June in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the upper sandy material and moderately high in the underlying loamy material. Permeability is rapid in the upper sandy material and moderate or moderately slow in the lower loamy horizons.

USE AND VEGETATION: Less than one-half is cropped to corn, hay, oats, potatoes, and vegetables. The greater part is in permanent pasture or forest. Native vegetation is northern hardwoods and pines. Second growth forests are largely quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 90A, 93A, 93B, 94A, 94B, 94C, 95A, 96, and 98 in central and northern Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northern Minnesota. This series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bay County, Michigan, 1931.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (7 inches) (Ap horizon).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches) and from 71 to 86 cm (28 to 34 inches) (E and E' horizon).
Spodic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 71 cm (9 to 28 inches) (Bhs, Bs1, and Bs2 horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 86 to 102 cm (34 to 40 inches) (2Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below a depth of 23 cm (9 inches).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0096; MODERATE PERMEABILITY - MI0418.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.