LOCATION BROLAND                 NV

Established Series
Rev. CAB-RLB-PWB-JVC
11/2016

BROLAND SERIES

The Broland series consists of shallow to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived dominantly from volcanic rocks. Broland soils are on fan remnants. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 230 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic, shallow Haploxeralfic Argidurids

TYPICAL PEDON: Broland very gravelly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with approximately 60 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles.

A--0 to 8 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong thin to thick platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine through coarse vesicular pores; 40 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

Bt--8 to 23 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine through medium roots; many very fine through medium tubular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; 30 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

2Btkq--23 to 41 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine through medium roots; common very fine, fine and medium tubular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains; common distinct secondary silica and calcium carbonate concretions on bottoms of rock fragments; 50 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 20 cm thick)

2Bkq--41 to 48 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) extremely gravelly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate very fine through medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine, fine, and medium tubular pores; many distinct secondary silica and calcium carbonate concretions on sides and bottoms of rock fragments; 55 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 13 cm thick)

3Bqkm--48 to 102 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) cemented material with discontinuous laminar cap; extremely hard, slightly rigid, brittle; strongly cemented by silica and secondary carbonates; many faint and distinct secondary silica pendants on bottoms of rock fragments; clear wavy boundary. (51 to 66 cm thick).

4Ck--102 to 152 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) extremely gravelly coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; very few fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; many distinct secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments; 65 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: White Pine County, Nevada; about 2 miles east of Thirtymile Ranch; about 2,600 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of section 34, T. 20 N., R. 60 E.; USGS Thirtymile Ranch 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 33 minutes 29.8 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 11 minutes 54.1 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.5582778 latitude, -115.1983611 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in winter and spring, dry June through October; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to strongly cemented duripan: 36 to 50 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 22 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: Averages 35 to 50 percent. Lithology of fragments is mainly volcanic rocks such as tuff.

Bt horizon
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Gravelly clay loam or gravelly sandy clay loam.
Clay content: 27 to 40 percent.

2Btkq horizon
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, extremely gravelly clay loam, very gravelly clay loam.
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent, mainly gravel.

2Bkq horizon (when present)
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Extremely gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly sandy loam.
Clay content: 10 to 20 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent, mainly gravel.

4Ck horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: 1 to 5 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Broland soils are on fan remnants. They typically occur on summit and backslope positions. These soils formed in alluvium derived dominantly from volcanic rocks. Slopes are 2 to 30 percent. Elevations are 1,768 to 2,286 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 9 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Atlow, Yody and Palinor soils. Atlow soils are shallow to bedrock and lack duripans. Palinor soils have carbonatic mineralogy and they lack argillic horizons. Yody soils are fine-loamy and are moderately deep to an indurated duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Broland soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present native vegetation is mainly black sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, and bottlebrush squirreltail.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Western White Pine County, Nevada, 1983.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 8 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 8 to 41 cm (Bt and 2Btkq horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 48 to 102 cm (3Bqkm horizon).
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 23 to 152 cm (2Btkq, 2Bkq, 3Bqkm, and 4Ck horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 8 to 41 cm (Bt and 2Btkq horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.