LOCATION BUDD IN

Established Series
Rev. RAB-GLH-GFF
11/2021

BUDD SERIES

The Budd series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash overlying loamy till on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Budd fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 214 meters (702 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (9 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]

E--23 to 38 cm (9 to 15 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 23 cm (9 inches) thick]

Bt1--38 to 53 cm (15 to 21 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--53 to 76 cm (21 to 30 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 102 cm (8 to 40 inches).]

BC--76 to 96 cm (30 to 38 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 51 cm (20 inches) thick]

C1--96 to 117 cm (38 to 46 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified sandy loam, loamy sand, and sand; massive; very friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2--117 to 132 cm (46 to 52 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified silt loam, very fine sand, and sand; massive; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the C horizon is 8 to 64 cm (3 to 25 inches).]

2C3--132 to 203 cm (52 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; firm; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; about 8 percent gravel and cobbles; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Pulaski County, Indiana; about 3 miles south of Winamac; 1,540 feet east and 2,500 feet south of northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 30 N., R.2 W.; USGS Winamac, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 0 minutes 16.8 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 35 minutes 48.8 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 533899 easting and 4539356 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 64 to 127 cm (25 to 50 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 89 to 147 cm (35 to 58 inches)
Depth to till: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand, or less commonly loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand, or less commonly loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redoximorphic features: the argillic horizon has iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less and value of 4 or more throughout
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam, or less commonly gravelly sandy loam, sandy clay loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, or clay loam; where the texture is sandy clay loam or clay loam, the layer is less than 20 cm (8 inches) thick
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, very fine sand, gravelly sand, gravelly loamy sand, or silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Sand content: 35 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brady, Dixboro, Poseyville, Whiskerville, and Winamac series. Brady soils have less than 10 percent clay and more than 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Dixboro soils do not have a lithologic contact with till in the lower part of the series control section. Poseyville soils are less than 64 cm (25 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Whiskerville soils have more than 25 percent clay and less than 35 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Winamac soils do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less in the upper part of the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Budd soils are on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Budd soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash overlying loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1067 mm (30 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.9 to 11.7 degrees C (48 to 53 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is 177 to 466 meters (580 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Brady, soils and the Bronson, Gilford, Goodell, and Winamac soils. The somewhat poorly drained Brady soils are on similar positions. The moderately well drained Bronson and Winamac soils are on higher landform positions. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Gilford and Goodell soils are in depressions. Budd soils are in a drainage sequence with the Goodell and Winamac soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of a seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) below the surface between November and May in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the outwash material and moderately low in the underlying till. Permeability is moderately rapid in the outwash material and slow in the underlying till.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly cultivated. Where drainage is adequate it is cropped to corn, small grain, beans, and grass-legume hay. A small part is in permanent pasture or forest. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111C in northern Indiana. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pulaski County, Indiana, 2001.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon (mollic intergrade): from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (9 inches) (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 38 to 76 cm (15 to 30 inches) (Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below 23 cm (9 inches).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 154143 represents the typical pedon in complex with Brady soils.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S98IN131-014) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T98IN-131-379) for the typical pedon is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Budd and 30 percent Winamac soils.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.