LOCATION BETHANY OK+KS

Established Series
Rev. CEW:CS:JLD
01/2016

BETHANY SERIES

The Bethany series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess or alluvium of Pleistocene age over shale of Permian age. These soils are on summits and backslopes of paleoterraces in the Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA-80A). Slopes are 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 15 degrees C (59 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 865 mm (34 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Pachic Paleustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Bethany silt loam-cultivated, at an elevation of 397 m (1301 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A--15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 51 cm [4 to 20 in])

BA--36 to 46 cm (14 to 18 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; many fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the BA horizon is 8 to 25 cm [3 to 10 in])

Bt--46 to 91 cm (18 to 36 in); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; very hard, very firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 64 cm [10 to 25 in])

Btk1--91 to 142 cm (36 to 56 in); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate angular blocky; very hard, very firm; common prominent clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; common fine concretions of iron-manganese; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; very slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Btk2--142 to 183 cm (56 to 72 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parts to moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common prominent clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; common fine and coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; common fine concretions of iron-manganese; few soft accumulations of calcium carbonate; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizon is 10 to 120 cm [4 to 47 in])

Btk3--183 to 203 cm (72 to 80 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common prominent clay films on faces of some peds; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) and red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Oklahoma County, Oklahoma; about 1 mile east of Wheatland; 1,000 feet north and 200 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 11 N., R. 4 W.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Mustang, OK
Latitude 35 degrees, 23 minutes, 40 seconds N
Longitude 97 degrees, 38 minutes, 8 seconds W
Datum: NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: greater than 152 cm (60 in)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: more than 51 cm (20 in)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 71 to 102 cm (28 to 40 in)
Depth to redoximorphic concentrations: 89 to 203 cm (35 to 80 in)
Depth to redoximorphic depletions: 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 50
Sand Content: 5 to 25

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 moist, 4 dry
Chroma: 2 moist or dry
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Reaction: slightly acid

BA horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 moist, 4 dry
Chroma: 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam or clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 moist, 4 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3 moist, 2 dry
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: neutral to slightly alkaline

Btk horizons:
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6 moist, 5 to 6 dry
Chroma: 2 to 8 moist, 4 to 8 dry
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Redoximorphic concentrations: amount-0 to 10 percent; size-1 to 10 mm; kind- masses of oxidized iron; color-shades of red; boundaries-clear and abrupt
Redoximorphic depletions: amount-0 to 10 percent; size-1 to 10 mm; kind-iron depletions; colors-in shades of brown and gray; boundaries-clear
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: Rotan and Darrouzett are the two series in the same family. Soils in similar families in MLRA 80A are the Agra, Kirkland, and Renfrow soils.
Rotan soils: formed in loamy alluvium of Quaternary age and have a calcic horizon between 76 and 150 cm (30 and 59 in)
Darrouzett soils: formed in thick calcareous eolian sediments of the Pleistocene age and the calcic horizon in this soil is deeper at 190 to 254 cm (75 to 100 in)
Agra, Kirkland, and Renfrow soils: have an LE value of 6 cm or more in the subsoil. In addition, Kirkland soils have an abrupt textural change from the A horizon to the Bt horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loess or alluvium of Pleistocene age over shale of Permian age
Landscape: alluvial plain
Landform: summits and backslopes of paleoterraces
Slopes: 0 to 5 percent
Mean Annual Precipitation: 787 to 940 mm (31 to 37) in
Mean Annual Temperature: 13.9 to 16.1 degrees C (57 to 61 degrees F)
Elevation ranges from 305 to 457 meters (1000 to 1500 feet)
Frost-free period: 181 to 240 days
Thornthwaite Annual P-E indices: 44 to 64

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Kirkland, Norge, Pond Creek, Renfrow, Tabler, and Vanoss series.
Norge, Pond Creek, and Vanoss soils: are on similar landscapes and have less than 35 percent clay content in the control section.
Kirkland soils: are on the same landscape and have an abrupt textural change between A and Bt horizons
Renfrow soils: are on adjacent residual landscapes and mollic epipedon is less than 50 cm (20 in) thick
Norge, and Vanoss soils: have a mollic epipedon less than 51 cm (20 in) thick and a fine-silty control section
Tabler soils: are on the same landscape, in a slightly concave to nearly level positions, have an LE value of 6 cm or more, redoximorphic accumulations and depletions in the A and Bt horizons

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Permeability: moderately low
Runoff: low on 0 to 1 percent slopes, and high on 1 to 5 percent slopes

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for small grains, grain sorghum, cotton and alfalfa. Some areas are used for tame pasture or rangeland. Native vegetation is mid and tall grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Oklahoma and Kansas; LRR H, MLRA 80A; extensive, about 525,000 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cleveland County, Oklahoma; 1947

REMARKS:

Updated competing series, taxonomic version, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and formatting. 6/2008 JBB. Updated for SDJR (JLD 01/2016)

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 91 cm (0 to 36 in) (A, BA, and upper Bt horizons)
Argillic horizon: 46 to 203 cm (18 to 80 in (Bt and Btk horizons)

Soil Interpretation Record Number: OK0059 Bethany Series.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 11, May 1967. Lab No. 5467-5473. National Soil Survey Lab No. 40A1775, 40A1776, 81P0177, 90P0950, and 91P0907. NSSL lab No. 40A4693 is the lab data the OSD is classified with.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.