LOCATION CADIZ WI+IN

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

CADIZ SERIES

The Cadiz series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in loess and in the underlying moderately fine textured till on loess-mantled ground moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to l2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 787 mm (31 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Cadiz silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 290 meters (950 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

BE--18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine fibrous roots; clean silt grains on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

Bt1--23 to 38 cm (9 to l5 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine fibrous roots; clean silt grains on faces of peds; few faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--38 to 69 cm (l5 to 27 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine fibrous roots; few faint clay films on all faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 31 to 66 cm (12 to 26 inches).]

2Bt3--69 to 97 cm (27 to 38 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; faint and nearly continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about 10 to 15 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches) thick]

2C--97 to 152 cm (38 to 60 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; about l0 to l5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Green County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles southeast of Browntown; about 2950 feet north and 1875 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 22, T. l N., R. 6 E. USGS Browntown, Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 32 minutes 30 seconds N.,and long. 89 degrees 45 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches)
Thickness of the loess mantle: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 25 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser; smectite, the dominant clay mineral in the loess
Till; averages 27 to 40 percent clay, 5 to 25 percent fine sand or coarser; illite, the dominant clay mineral in the till
Rock fragments; absent in the loess mantle; volume of gravel ranges 5 to 20 percent, volume of cobbles 0 to 2 percent in the till
Reaction: naturally moderately acid or slightly acid in the surface and upper subsoil, ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed; slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower subsoil and slight alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum Redox accumulations and saturation: within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years

Ap horizon:
Hue: l0YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

A horizon [5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) thick]:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam

E horizon (where present):
Hue: l0YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam

BE horizon:
Hue: l0YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam

Bt horizon:
hue: 7.5YR or l0YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, l0YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silty clay loam or clay loam

2BC and/or 2C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, l0YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: silty clay loam or clay loam or the gravelly analogues of these textures

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baraboo, Birkbeck, Compton, Elco, Eleroy, Inton, Iona, Libre, Mayville, Minnith, Morningstun, Redbud, Rocheport, Rockfield, Somonauk, Uniontown, Winfield, and Zurich series. Birkbeck soils have a loess (or other silty mantle) more than 102 cm (40 inches) thick to till. Compton soils average less than 25 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Elco, Inton, Libre, Minnith, and Winfield soils do not have carbonates within the series control section. Baraboo, Eleroy and Rocheport soils have a lithic/paralithic contact at a depth of 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). Iona soils have less than 10 percent sand throughout the series control section. Mayville soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Morningsun soils have less than 10 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Redbud soils have less than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Rockfield soils have a densic contact in the lower part of the series control section. Somonauk soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Uniontown soils have less than 5 percent coarse fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Zurich soils have less than 27 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Juda soils moist value of 3 or less and dry value of 5 or less in the surface layer after mixing to a depth of 18 cm (7 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cadiz soils are on loess-mantled ground moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 2 to l2 percent. The soil formed in loess and in the underlying moderately fine-textured till Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 864 mm (28 to 34 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 8.3 to 11.7 degrees C (47 to 53 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are mainly the Juda and Morley soils. The well drained and moderately well drained Morley soils are nearby on similar landscapes, but more common on slopes below the Cadiz soils where the loess is thinner. On similar landscapes, but where the surface layer is darker colored, the well drained and moderately well drained Juda soils occur next to the Cadiz soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is medium or high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) on the loess mantle and moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the till. Permeability is moderate in the loess and moderately slow in the till. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at depths of 76 to 107 cm (2.5 to 3.5 feet) for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain and hay. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B, and 110 in southern Wisconsin (Green County), east-central Illinois and west-central Indiana. This soil is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Green County, Wisconsin, 1969.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap, BE). Argillic horizon - 23 to 97 cm (9 to 38 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3). The 1.2 clay ratio may not be met in the 2Bt3. Oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within 102 cm (40 inches).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.