LOCATION BARABOO WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Baraboo silt loam, on a northeast-facing, convex slope of 3 percent, in an abandoned field, at an elevation of about 358 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 13 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine fibrous roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1--13 to 36 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine fibrous roots; common very fine pores; few distinct discontinuous clay films on faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--36 to 48 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine fibrous roots; many very fine and few fine pores; few distinct discontinuous clay films and dark coats on faces of peds and in pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--48 to 71 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine fibrous roots; many very fine and few fine pores; few distinct clay films and stains on faces of peds and in pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 5 percent angular quartzite gravel and cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--71 to 86 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine fibrous roots; common fine pores; few distinct patchy clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 5 percent angular quartzite gravel and 9 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2R--86 centimeters; pale red (10R 6/3) and weak red (10R 5/4) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) hard, quartzite bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Sauk County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 1/2 miles south of North Freedom; located about 2,310 feet south and 165 feet east of the northwest corner of section 13, T. 11 N., R. 5 E.; USGS North Freedom topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 25 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 51 minutes 22 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to lithic contact with quartzite--50 to 100 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 30 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 to 5 percent
Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--14 to 18 percent
Sand content--0 to 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent, gravel; 0 to 1 percent, cobbles; 0 to 25 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--13 to 20 centimeters
A horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3 (value is 6 or more, dry after mixing the soil to 18 centimeters)
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--14 to 18 percent
Sand content--0 to 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent, gravel; 0 to 1 percent, cobbles; 0 to 25 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--2 to 4 centimeters
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--14 to 18 percent
Sand content--0 to 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent, gravel; 0 to 1 percent, cobbles; 0 to 25 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 20 centimeters
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4 (value and chroma of 3 do not occur together)
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--0 to 5 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 12 percent, gravel; 0 to 10 percent, cobbles; 0 to 25 percent, stones
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Thickness--35 to 80 centimeters
2R horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--quartzite bedrock
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Birkbeck,
Cadiz,
Campton,
Elco,
Eleroy,
Inton,
Iona,
Libre,
Mayville,
Minnith,
Morningsun,
Redbud,
Rocheport,
Rockfield,
Somonauk,
Uniontown,
Winfield, and
Zurich series.
None of these soils except Rocheport have a lithic contact within the series control section
Rocheport--have a lithic contact with dolostone between depths of 100 and 150 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loess over hard, quartzite bedrock
Landform--high structural benches, ridgetops, and convex side slopes on uplands in the Baraboo Range
Slope--2 to 60 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Fayette and
Seaton soils. Fayette--are on landscape positions similar to those of Baraboo soils and have do not have a lithic contact within the series control section
Seaton--are on landscape positions similar to those of Baraboo soils and have do not have a lithic contact within the series control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.6 and 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second in the loess and 0.00 to 141.00 micrometers per second in the quartzite
USE AND VEGETATION:
Some areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains and hay. Some areas are pastured and some are forested. The native vegetation is mixed hardwoods with dominant species of shagbark hickory, silver maple, northern red oak, white oak, American basswood, and white ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division-Interior Plains
Physiographic Province-Central Lowland
Physiographic Sections--Wisconsin driftless section and Eastern lake section
MLRAs--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105) and Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B)
Local physiographic area--Baraboo Range
LRRs K and M; central Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-10 (La Crosse, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sauk County, Wisconsin, 1925.
REMARKS:
Particle size control section--the zone from a depth of 13 to 63 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 86 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 13 centimeters (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 13 to 86 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons);
lithic contact--contact with quartzite bedrock at a depth of 86 centimeters;
udic moisture regime.
Oxyaquic subgroup based on zone of saturation within 100 centimeters for 20 or more consecutive days or 30 or more cumulative days during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation.
The Baraboo Range is a monadnock.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.