LOCATION CALAWAH                 WA

Established Series
REV. NRM/EED/
02/2017

CALAWAH SERIES

Landscape--coastal plains, till plains
Landform--terraces, terrace escarpments
Slope--0 to 65 percent
Parent material--loess, stratified marine deposits, glacial outwash
Mean annual precipitation--2550 mm
Mean annual air temperature--9 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--isomesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial, ferrihydritic, isomesic Typic Fulvudands

TYPICAL PEDON: Calawah medial silt loam on a forested, southwest-facing slope of 25 percent at an elevation of about 185 m (When described, the soil was moist throughout.)

Oi--0 to 5 cm; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs

A1--5 to 15 cm; medial silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak very fine and fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear smooth boundary

A2--15 to 30 cm; medial loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; many very fine irregular pores and many very fine and fine tubular pores; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear smooth boundary

AB--30 to 51 cm; medial silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; many very fine irregular pores and many very fine and fine tubular pores; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear smooth boundary

Bw1--51 to 81 cm; medial silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; weakly smeary; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; many very fine irregular pores and many very fine and fine tubular pores; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear smooth boundary

Bw2--81 to 122 cm; medial silty clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; moderate very fine and fine angular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; weakly smeary; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; many very fine irregular and tubular pores; strongly acid (pH 5.4); gradual smooth boundary

2Bw3--122 to 150 cm; gravelly silty clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; moderate very fine and fine angular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; weakly smeary; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular and tubular pores; 15 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Clallam County, Washington, about 365 m west-southwest of the Third Beach parking lot on State Route 110, in Olympic National Park; about 650 m south and 415 m east of the northwest corner of section 35, T. 28 N., R. 15 W., Willamette Meridian; latitude 47.8897233 degrees north, longitude -124.6053778 degrees west, WGS 84 (GPS coordinates)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--8 to 11 degrees C

Control section
*Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent gravel
*Bulk density--0.70 to 0.90 g/cm3
*Ammonium oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron--2 to 5 percent
*Phosphate retention--85 to 100 percent

Oi horizon
*Thickness--3 to 10 cm

A horizon
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
*Value--2 to 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--2 or 3 moist, 2 to 4 dry
*Organic matter content--10 to 20 percent
*Clay content--18 to 25 percent (field estimate)
*Fine-earth texture--medial silt loam, medial loam
*Reaction--4.5 to 5.5
*Thickness--10 to 15 cm

AB horizon
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
*Value--2 to 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--2 or 3 moist, 2 to 4 dry
*Organic matter content--7 to 15 percent
*Clay content--20 to 35 percent (field estimate)
*Fine-earth texture--medial silt loam, medial silty clay loam
*Reaction--4.5 to 5.5
*Thickness--10 to 20 cm

Bw horizon
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5YR
*Value--3 to 6 moist, 5 to 8 dry
*Chroma--3 to 6 moist, 3 or 4 dry
*Organic matter content--1 to 3 percent
*Clay content--20 to 35 percent (field estimate)
*Fine-earth texture--medial silt loam, medial silty clay loam
*Reaction--4.5 to 5.5
*Combined thickness--50 to 100 cm

2Bw horizon
*Organic matter content--0 to 1 percent
*Clay content--20 to 35 percent (field estimate)
*Bulk density--0.90 to 1.20 g/cm3
*Total rock fragment content--15 to 35 percent
*Gravel content--15 to 35 percent
*Cobble content--0 to 10 percent
*Fine-earth texture--silt loam, silty clay loam
*Reaction--4.5 to 5.5

COMPETING SERIES:
Bullman--paralithic contact 50 to 100 cm from the soil surface
Ilwaco--parafragments and less than 27 percent clay in control section
Klootchie, Knappton--lithic contact 100 to 150 cm from the soil surface
Lint--mean annual soil temperature higher than 10 degrees C; bulk density ranges to below 0.70 g/cm3 in control section
Mopang, Narel--densic contact 100 to 150 cm from the soil surface
Neotsu--densic contact 50 to 100 cm from the soil surface
Neskowin--lithic contact 50 to 100 cm from the soil surface
Newskah--10 to 15 percent clay in control section
Palix--paralithic contact 100 to 150 cm from the soil surface
Queets--10 to 18 percent clay in control section; rare flooding
Salander--mean annual soil temperature higher than 10 degrees C; bulk density ranges to below 0.70 g/cm3; more than 20 percent sand in control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--5 to 185 m
Climate--marine; cool, moist summers; cool, wet winters
Mean annual precipitation--2000 to 3300 mm
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C
Frost-free period--160 to 220 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Hoquiam--no aquic conditions; on similar landforms
Klone--more than 35 percent coarse fragments in control section; on similar landforms
Hoquiam--densic contact 100 to 150 cm from the soil surface; on adjacent ground moraines
Ilwaco--parafragments and less than 27 percent clay in control section; on adjacent hills
Newskah--10 to 15 percent clay in control section; on similar landforms
Ozette--densic contact 100 to 150 cm from the soil surface; on nearby glacially modified hills
Snahopish--more than 35 percent coarse fragments in control section; on nearby mountain slopes
Tealwhit--aquic conditions within 25 cm of the soil surface; in depressions and drainageways

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturation in normal years--none
Flooding--none
Ponding--none
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation, timber production, homesite development
Potential natural vegetation--Sitka spruce, western hemlock, evergreen huckleberry, red huckleberry, vine maple, red elderberry, western swordfern, Oregon oxalis

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Olympic Peninsula coast, Washington; MLRA 4; small extent

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, Washington; 1970

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Umbric epipedon--zone from 5 to 51 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 51 to 150
*Particle-size control section--zone from 5 to 105 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 5 to 105 cm

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.