LOCATION CALD                    ID+WA

Established Series
Rev. AEK/GHL/AVY
02/2011

CALD SERIES

The Cald series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in alluvium primarily from loess. Cald soils are on flood plains and drainageways and have slopes of 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 21 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Cald silt loam, cultivated; on a 1 percent slope at an elevation of 2,630 feet. The pedon was initially described in July 1963. When redescribed on September 28, 2007, the soil was dry to 9 inches, slightly moist to 25 inches and moist below. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap1--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine granular; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear smooth boundary.

Ap2--7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores: few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, masses of iron accumulation, and few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) dry, zones of iron depletion; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Ap horizons is 12 to 20 inches thick)

Ab--13 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; few distinct white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coats on ped surfaces and lining pores; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual irregular boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)

Ab/Bgb --17 to 25 inches; 70 percent Ab - dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist, 30 percent Bgb - grayish brown (10YR 5/2) stratified silt loam and very fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak thin platy structure parting to weak very fine angular blocky; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, masses of iron accumulation, and few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) dry, zones of iron depletion; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)

Bgb1--25 to 40 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; common distinct masses of iron accumulation strong brown(7.5YR 4/6) dry, and few prominent iron-manganese masses; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary.

Bgb2--40 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; moderately hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; very few fine roots; many very fine and fine and few medium tubular and irregular pores; reduced matrix; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bgb horizons is 20 to 30 inches)

Btgb--48 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine and few medium tubular and irregular pores; few distinct white (10YR 8/1) dry, silt coats on surfaces of peds and lining along pores; few prominent black (10YR 2/1) dry, organoargillans on faces of peds; common distinct zones of iron depletion, and common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Benewah County, Idaho; about 6 miles west and 1 mile north of Plummer; 850 feet south and 1,520 feet east of the northwest corner of section 6, T.46 N., R.5 W. Latitude 47 degrees, 21 minutes, 51.00 seconds North; Longitude 117 degrees, 1 minute, 2.00 seconds West; NAD 83. USGS Tekoa Mountain, ID topographic quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon is 24 to 38 inches, may include part of the Bgb horizon
Depth to aquic conditions with chroma of 2 or less with redox concentrations is 13 to 25 inches
Depth to the argillic horizon is 40 to 60 inches
Mean annual soil temperature - 47 to 51 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature - 59 to 63 degrees F.
Moisture control section is dry for 45 to 60 consecutive days.

Ap, A, Ab or Ab/Bgb (Ab and Ab/Bgb absent in some pedons)
Value - 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 3 moist
Chroma - 1 or 2, moist or dry
Clay content - 15 to 27 percent
Redox features - few and distinct
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

Bgb and Btgb horizons
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 1 to 3, moist or dry
Texture - silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content - 20 to 35 percent
Redox features - common to many and distinct
Reaction - slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Cg horizon when present
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 1 to 3, moist or dry
Texture - silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content - 20 to 35 percent
Redox features - few faint to many distinct
Reaction - slightly acid or neutral

Stratified layers of very fine sand present throughout the profile in some pedons. There are fine gravel that occupy less than 5 percent of the volume in the lower part of the profile in some pedons

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cyclone, Gabriel, Luray, Mahalaland, Mahalasville, Ragsdale and Treaty series. Cyclone soils have silty clay loam textures in the Ap horizon. Gabriel soils range up to 35 percent gravel below 40 inches. Luray soils have silty clay loam textures in the surface horizons. Mahalaland soils have silty clay loam textures in the surface horizons and have sandy textures in the substratum. Mahalasville soils have silty clay loam textures in the surface horizons and have stratified, sandy textures in the substratum. Ragsdale soils have a mollic epipedon that is 10 to 20 inches thick. Treaty soils have silty clay loam surface textures.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cald soils are on flood plains and drainageways. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in alluvium primarily from loess, with minor amounts of volcanic ash. Elevation is 2,000 to 3,500 feet. The mean annual precipitation is 18 to 24 inches, and the frost-free season is 100 to 140 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Latah, Latahco, Lovell, Mondovi, Naff, Palouse, and Thatuna soils. Latah and Latahco soils have an albic horizon. Lovell soils have an ochric epipedon. Mondovi soils have less than 18 percent clay in the control section. Naff and Thatuna soils do not have redox depletions or reduced matrix with a chroma of 2 or less. Palouse soils have a regular decrease of organic matter with increasing depth and do not have redoximorphic features.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; very slow runoff; moderately slow permeability. Frequent flooding of brief duration can be expected during spring runoff. An apparent water table is at its uppermost limit from November to July.

USE AND VEGETATION: Nonirrigated cropland. Wheat, barley, oats, dry peas, lentils, legumes and grass hay are the principal crops. Native vegetation is silver lupine, iris, blue camas, Reed canarygrass, rose, sedges, snowberry, tufted hairgrass, willow and hawthorn.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Washington and northwestern Idaho MLRA 9. The series is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Benewah County Area, Idaho, 1975.

REMARKS: The Cald soils were formerly included in the concept of the Caldwell series.

The series was reclassified in 1/2000 from Cumulic Ultic Haploxerolls to Aquic Cumulic Haploxerolls based on revisions to Soil Taxonomy.

The type location was revisited and redescribed on September 28, 2007. The series was reclassified in 1/2007 from Aquic Cumulic Haploxerolls to Typic Argiaquolls based on presence of redoximorphic features and aquic conditions within 20 inches and the presence of an argillic horizon.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:

Mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 25 inches.

Aquic feature - the zone from 13 to 25 inches with chroma of 2 or less and redox concentrations.

Argillic feature - the zone from 48 to 60 inches

Particle-size control section - the zone from 10 to 40 inches

Cumulic feature - an assumed irregular decrease in organic carbon from 10 inches to 50 inches.

Ultic feature - bas saturation by sum is 75 percent or less in some part between 10 to 30 inches from the soil surface.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.