LOCATION CYCLONE IN+OH

Established Series
Rev. MLW-TJE
11/2021

CYCLONE SERIES

The Cyclone series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in loess or silty material and in the underlying drift. Cyclone soils are on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 991 mm (39 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.6 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Cyclone silty clay loam, on a less than 1 percent linear slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 280 meters (920 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (9 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches).]

Btg1--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2--51 to 96 cm (20 to 38 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1--96 to 124 cm (38 to 49 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese concretions; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btg and Bt horizons is 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches).]

2Bt2--124 to 152 cm (49 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 38 cm (6 to 15 inches) thick]

2C--152 to 178 cm (60 to 70 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Clinton County, Indiana; about 3 miles east and 3 miles north of Kirklin; 1,750 feet east and 1,800 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 21 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Kirklin, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 14 minutes 20.5 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 17 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 560134 easting and 4454530 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 127 to 190 cm (50 to 75 inches)
Thickness of the loess or silty material: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches), and extends into the upper part of the B horizon in some pedons
Particle-size control section: averages between 25 and 35 percent clay and less than 10 percent fine sand or coarser

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt or Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 in upper part; 4 or 5 in lower part
Chroma: 1 to 3 in upper part; 1 to 4 in lower part
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Sand content: 2 to 19 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 30 percent and averages more than 18 percent
Sand content: 15 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

2BC or 2BCg horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam, silt loam, or less commonly clay loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 25 percent and averages more than 18 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline; carbonates are present in some pedons

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 9 to 25 percent
Sand content: 30 to 56 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cald, Gabriel, Luray, Mahalaland, Mahalasville, Ragsdale, and Treaty series. Cald and Gabriel soils have a mollic epipedon that is thicker than 51 cm (20 inches). Luray soils do not have rock fragments in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Mahalaland, Mahalasville, and Treaty soils are less than 102 cm (40 inches) to horizons containing rock fragments. Ragsdale soils average less than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cyclone soils are in depressions and on broad flats on till plains of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches) of loess or silty material and in the underlying drift. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1016 mm (35 to 40 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 12.8 degrees C (50 and 55 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Fincastle, Ragsdale, and Starks soils. The somewhat poorly drained Fincastle and Starks soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are on higher landform positions. The competing Ragsdale soils are on slightly lower landform positions in swales.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 15 cm (0.5 foot) above the surface to 15 cm (0.5 foot) below the surface between December and March in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate in the loess or silty material and moderately slow in the underlying drift.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Cyclone soils are cultivated. Corn and soybeans are the main crops grown.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111A and 111D in central Indiana and western Ohio. The type location is in MLRA 111A. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clinton County, Indiana, 1978.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 36 cm (Ap, A horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 36 to 152 cm (Btg1, Btg2, Bt1, 2Bt2 horizons).
Aquic conditions: redox features in all horizons below the Ap horizon.

Representative NASIS data mapunit for this pedon is DMU ID 426404 in MO 11.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data for this pedon S77IN023-1-(1-7) is available at the Purdue University Soil Characterization Laboratory. Transect data is on file at the MLRA Project Office in Indianapolis, IN.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.