LOCATION CALEDONIA               MS

Established Series
Rev. FVB-AJT-AMS
03/2017

CALEDONIA SERIES

The Caledonia series consists of very deep, well drained, soils that formed in thick loamy sediments. Caledonia soils are on terraces in the Southern Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 1300 to 1450 millimeters (51 to 57 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10 to 22 degrees C (51 to 73 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Caledonia silt loam on a nearly level convex 0.5 percent slope, in a cultivated field.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap-- 0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary [13 to 25 centimeters (5 to 10 inches) thick].

Bt1-- 18 to 33 centimeters (7 to 13 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine pores; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2-- 33 to 66 centimeters (13 to 26 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Upper part of the Bt horizon is 36 to 64 centimeters (14 to 25 inches) thick].

Bt3-- 66 to 127 centimeters (26 to 50 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4-- 127 to 183 centimeters (50 to 72 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt5-- 183 to 218 centimeters (72 to 86 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly plastic; few fine pores; thin patchy clay films on faces of some peds; few coats and pockets of fine sand on faces of some peds; strongly acid. [Lower part of the Bt horizon is greater than 117 centimeters (46 inches)].

TYPE LOCATION: Lowndes County, Mississippi; 1.2 km (0.75 mi) east of Caledonia on blacktop road and 30 m (100 ft) north into cultivated field. NE1/4NE1/4 sec. 15, T. 16 S., R. 17 W. Huntsville Principal Meridian; USGS Caledonia, Mississippi quadrangle; Latitude 33 degrees 40 minutes 54.95 seconds N.; Longitude 88 degrees 18 minutes 39.06 seconds W. WGS 84; UTM 378492 meters, east 3727660 meters north, zone 16 N.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: Greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Fine black concretions: none to common

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Thickness: 13 to 25 centimeters (5 to 10 inches)
Texture: loam or silt loam
Soil reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

Some pedons have a thin A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 to 4
Thickness: less than 15 centimeters (6 inches) thick

Upper part of Bt horizon:
Hue: 10R, 2.5YR, or 5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silt loam, clay loam, or loam
Soil reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
Thickness: 36 to 64 centimeters (14 to 25 inches)

Upper 50 centimeters (20 inches) of Bt horizon:
Clay: 20 to 35 %
Silt: 35 to 60 %

Lower part of Bt horizon:
Hue: 10R, 2.5YR, or 5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
Soil reaction: very strongly acid to medium acid
Thickness: greater than 117 centimeters

Some subhorizons of the argillic horizon:
Dry color value: 5
Moisture color value: less than 5, unless hue in some parts of the argillic horizon is 5YR

COMPETING SERIES:
Attoyac soils contain less than 35 % silt in the upper part of the subsoil, and only occur in MLRA 133B.
Bistineau soils (LA) are on younger terraces associated with the Louisiana Red River and its tributaries.
Elrose soils (TX) contain glauconite fragments within 40 inches of the soil surface.
Segno soils (TX) have a hue of 7.5YR or yellower throughout the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: thick loamy sediments
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Terrace
Hillslope position: N/A
Slope: 0 to 8 %
Elevation: 60 to 110 meters (197 to 361 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 10 to 22 degrees C (51 to 73 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 1300 to 1450 millimeters (51 to 57 inches)
Frost free period: 250 to 310 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Ruston soils are well drained and occur on slightly lower position in landscape.
Ora soils are moderately well drained, have a fragipan, and occur on slightly lower position in landscape.
Paden soils are moderately well drained and are on similar positions as Caledonia soils.
Savannah soils are moderately well drained, have a fragipan and are on similar positions as Caledonia soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat): moderate
Surface runoff: slow to medium
Permeability: moderate
Runoff: low to medium
Water table: none
Ponding: none
Flooding: none

USE AND VEGETATION: Caledonia soils are used mainly for growing cotton, corn, soybeans, pasture, and hay. Native vegetation on this soil are sweetgum, sweet bay magnolia, cherrybark oak and shortleaf pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Mississippi
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): Southern Coastal Plain (133A)
Extent: Small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lowndes County, Mississippi; 1977.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section: 18 to 100 centimeters (7 to 40 inches)
Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches) (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: the zone from approximately 18 to 218 centimeters (7 to 86 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5 horizons).
Aquic conditions: none

Soil classified according to the 12th Edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy
Typical pedon: 2016MS087318

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data: Chemical and physical data for the typical pedon are published in the Soil Survey of Lowndes County, Mississippi, (issued September 1979), pp. 134-135.
________________________________________

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.