LOCATION CAMPANA                 NM+TX

Established Series
Rev. JVC/WRJ/RJA
11/2014

CAMPANA SERIES

The Campana series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that have formed in alluvium derived from limestone, gypsum rock and other sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and siltstone. Campana soils are on alluvial fan toes, alluvial flats, and in swales on bajadas. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. Average annual precipitation is about 9 inches and average annual temperature is about 60 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Calcigypsids

TYPICAL PEDON: Campana loamy fine sand - on a slightly concave area which slopes 2 percent to the southwest on a bajada at 5,495 feet elevation - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak thick platy and weak very fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)

Bw--3 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium, common fine and many very fine roots; few very fine vesicular pores;5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)

Bk1--8 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few medium and fine and many very fine roots; few very fine discontinuous tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; calcium carbonates disseminated and also segregated in few fine irregularly shaped seams; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)

Bk2--15 to 28 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine and common very fine roots; few very fine discontinuous tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; calcium carbonates disseminated and also segregated in common fine and medium sized irregularly shaped soft masses; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 13 inches thick)

Bk3--28 to 32 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine and common very fine roots; common very fine discontinuous tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; calcium carbonates disseminated and also segregated in few fine irregularly shaped seams; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)

By1--32 to 37 inches; pink (5YR 7/4) loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few fine and very fine vesicular pores; secondary gypsum disseminated and also segregated in common medium irregularly shaped soft masses; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 20 inches thick)

By2--37 to 48 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) sandy loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; no roots evident; few very fine vesicular pores; 5 percent gravel; secondary gypsum disseminated and also segregated in common fine irregularly shaped seams and as pendants on the undersides of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 19 inches thick)

BCy--48 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; some parts massive and other parts have weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; no roots evident; few very fine vesicular pores; 5 percent gravel; secondary gypsum segregated in few fine irregularly shaped seams and as pendants on the undersides of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)

C--60 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; no roots evident; few very fine vesicular pores; 10 percent gravel; slightly to strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Socorro County, New Mexico; 17 miles northeast of San Antonio; 342 feet north and 450 feet east of the southwest corner of section 25, T. 3 S., R. 3 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture: Typic aridic moisture regime

Depth to the calcic horizon: 2 to 15 inches.

Depth to the gypsic horizon: 20 to 40 inches.

Percent calcium carbonate equivalent is 15 to 35 percent in the calcic horizon, which rapidly decreases to below 15 percent, with depth, into the top few inches of the gypsic horizon.

Percent gypsum by weight in the gypsic horizon ranges from 20 to 60 percent. Most of the gypsum is secondary in nature and decreases gradually with depth and ranges from 5 to 15 percent in the C horizons. The gypsic horizon is only hard when dry, but contains few, if any, plant roots.

The boundary separating the bottom of the calcic horizon from the top of the gypsum horizon is almost always abrupt (less than 1 inch thick) and there is little, if any gypsum above this boundary in the calcic horizon.

The mineralogy control section averages less than 40 percent by weight carbonates plus gypsum.

Reaction: slightly to moderately alkaline

Salinity (mmhos/cm): 2 to 4

Clay in the control section: 18 to 35 percent

Rock fragments range from 0 to 15 percent gravel. Some pedons have thin horizons with 15 to 30 percent pebbles.

Soil moisture: Typically the soil moisture control section is moist in some part intermittently from July to September following convective storms.

A horizon
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 4 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam

Bw, Bk horizons
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam

Bky, By horizons
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 6, dry or moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, loam, sandy loam

BC, BCy horizons
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4, dry or moist
Texture: loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam

C horizon
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Campana soils are on alluvial fan toes, alluvial flats, and on the distal portions and slightly lower, more concave areas of bajadas. Campana soils formed in alluvium derived from limestone, gypsum rock, sandstone and siltstone. The Permian Yeso and San Andres formations are the source of these rock types where Campana occurs. The soil surface has been reworked by winds and is eolian in origin. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. Elevation ranges from 4,350 to 5,810 feet. The average annual precipitation is 8 to 11 inches and the average annual temperature is 57 to 70 degrees F. The average frost-free period is 180 to 240 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barana, Berino, Deltajo, Lozier, Turney and Yesum soils. Barana and Berino soils have argillic horizons and lack gypsum. Deltajo soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to siltstone bedrock. Lozier soils are less than 20 inches deep to limestone bedrock. Turney soils lack gypsum. Yesum soils lack calcic horizons and have gypsic mineralogy.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, slow runoff, moderate to moderately slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: Campana soils are used for livestock grazing. Present vegetation is alkali sacaton, black grama, galleta, sand dropseed, Mormon-tea, soapweed yucca and scattered creosotebush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 42.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Socorro County, New Mexico, 1984.

REMARKS: DIAGNOSTIC HORIZONS AND FEATURES RECOGNIZED IN THIS PEDON ARE:

Calcic horizon - The zone from about 8 to 32 inches. (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3 horizons)

Gypsic horizon - The zone from about 32 to 48 inches. (By1, By2 horizons)

Classified according to Soil Taxonomy Second Edition, 1999; Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

Revised for the correlation of Hudspeth County, Texas (Main Part) and Culberson County, Texas (Main Part); July, 2012, NMS

Revised for the correlation of White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico; October, 2014, NMS

ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL data S83-NM-053-7. Calcium carbonate equivalence also determined with use of field volume calcimeter on selected pedons. Percent gypsum and salinity values based on lab data.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.