LOCATION CANDLER FL
Established Series
Rev. BPT; AGH; TJD, GRB
06/2013
CANDLER SERIES
The Candler series consists of very deep, excessively drained, very rapidly to rapidly permeable soils on uplands of Southern Florida Flatwoods (MLRA 155), South Central Florida Ridge (MLRA 154), Eastern Gulf Coast Flatwoods (MLRA 152A) and the Atlantic Coast Flatwoods (MLRA 153A. They formed in thick beds of eolian or sandy marine deposits. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is about 72 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is about 55 inches. Slopes are primarily 0 to 12 percent but range up to 40 percent in the more dissected areas.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Hyperthermic, uncoated Lamellic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Candler sand, in a forested area (Colors are for moist soil).
A--0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; many uncoated and thinly coated sand grains; some mixing of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) in lower 1.0 inch to 1.5 inches; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
E1--5 to 27 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; many uncoated sand grains; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
E2--27 to 67 inches; yellow (10YR 7/8) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; many uncoated sand grains; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizons range from 38 to 75 inches)
E&Bt1--67 to 95 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand (E); few fine and medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) areas of uncoated sand grains; single grain; loose; few fine roots; many uncoated sand grains; few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loamy sand lamellae (Bt) 1 to 3 mm thick and 1 to 8 cm long; slight increase in abundance with depth; sand grains in lamellae are well coated; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (22 to 38 inches thick)
E&Bt2--95 to 109 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand (E); few fine and medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 8/2) areas of uncoated sand grains; single grain; loose; many sand grains are uncoated; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loamy sand lamellae (Bt) about 1 to 8 cm long and 3 to 8 mm thick, increasing in abundance with depth; sand grains in lamellae are well coated; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt--109 to 115 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; sand grains well coated; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Marion County, Florida. Approximately 200 feet west of the Baseline Road; about 0.75 mile north of Silver Springs; SE 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec. 36, T. 14 S., R. 22 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sand is 80 or more inches. Lamellae are present at depths of 40 to 80 inches. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout. Content of silt plus clay is less than 5 percent and very fine sand is less than 20 percent at depths between 10 and 40 inches.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is sand or fine sand.
The AE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is fine sand or sand.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8. Mottles and streaks with chroma of 2 or less are the color of uncoated sand grains and are not indicative of wetness. They range from none to common. Texture is fine sand or sand.
The E part of the E&Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8. Texture is fine sand or sand.
The Bt part of the E&Bt horizon consists of lamellae with hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The individual lamellae range from 1 to 3 millimeters thick. The total thickness of the lamellae within a depth of 80 inches or more is normally 5 to 12 millimeters, but ranges from 1 to 55 millimeters. Texture ranges from fine sand to sandy loam.
The Bt horizon, where present, is below 80 inches. It has the same range of color as the lamellae part of the E&Bt horizon. Texture ranges from loamy sand to sandy clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Series in similar families are the
Archbold,
Astatula,
Lake,
Neilhurst, Palm Beach, St. Lucie, and
Tavares soils. None of the competing soils have lamellae. In addition, Archbold and Tavares soils are moderately well drained, and Lake soils have 5 to 10 percent clay within the 10- to 40-inch control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Candler soils are on uplands in peninsular Florida. Slopes primarily range from 0 to 12 percent, but up to 40 percent in dissected areas. They formed in thick beds of eolian or sandy marine deposits. The climate is humid subtropical. The average annual precipitation ranges from 50 to 60 inches, and the average annual temperature ranges from 70 to 74 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to competing
Archbold,
Astatula,
Lake,
Neilhurst, Palm Beach, St. Lucie, and
Tavares soils, these include the
Adamsville,
Apopka,
Arredondo,
Gainesville,
Millhopper,
Orlando,
Paola, and
Pompano soils. The somewhat poorly drained Adamsville soils are on lower positions. The well drained Apopka and Arredondo soils are on similar to lower positions and have sandy surface and subsurface layers 40 to 80 inches thick to an argillic horizon. The well drained Gainesville soils are on similar to slightly lower positions, do not have lamellae, and have 10 to 15 percent clay within the 10 to 40-inch control section. The moderately well drained Millhopper soils are on lower positions and have sandy surface and subsurface layers 40 to 80 inches thick. The well drained Orlando soils are on similar positions but have uniform texture of sand or fine sand with 1 to 12 percent fines that extends to depths of 80 inches or more. Paola soils are on lower positions and have a poorly defined spodic horizon. The very poorly drained Pompano soils are on lower positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained; very rapid to rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are used for citrus crops and tame pasture. Native vegetation consists of bluejack oak, turkey oak, sand post oak and longleaf pine, sand pine, sand live oak, chapman oak and myrtle oak with a sparse understory of lopsided indiangrass, gopher apple, pineland threeawn, hairy panicum, and other annual forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Peninsular Florida. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marion County, Florida; l974.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 67 inches (A, E1 and E2 horizons).
Lamellae: the zone from 67 to 109 inches (E&Bt1 and E&Bt2 horizons).
Uncoated feature: the zone from 10 to 40 inches (E1 and E2 horizons).
The Subgroup Typic was changed to Lamellic per 8th Edition of Soil Taxonomy, 1998.
The water table is at depths greater than 80 inches.
Candler soils were formerly mapped in the Astatula series as Astatula, banded substratum phase. The concept of Candler soils limits the series to sandy soils that have lamellae. Total thickness of lamellae is l to 6 inches between depths of 40 and 80 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available on the National Soil Survey website at: http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/querypage.aspx
Laboratory data is provided by the University of Florida, Department of Soil and Water Science, Gainesville, FL. http://soils.ifas.ufl.edu/flsoils/index.asp
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.