LOCATION CAVENDISH               ID

Established Series
Rev. PNP/BDG/EMM
06/2013

CAVENDISH SERIES

The Cavendish series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in loess and material weathered from basalt. Cavendish soils are on hills, ridges, escarpments and benches on basalt plateaus and have slopes of 2 to 50 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. The average annual precipitation is about 635 mm and the average annual temperature is about 6.1 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Ultic Haploxeralfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Cavendish silt loam, cultivated, on a 20 percent southwest facing slope at 915 meters elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap1--0 to 13 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2--13 to 20 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Ap horizons 10 to 23 cm thick)

Bt1--20 to 38 cm; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; common fine irregular and common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; many faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 28 cm thick)

Bt2--38 to 75 cm; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular and common tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; many faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary. (33 to 48 cm thick)

2Bt3--75 to 108 cm; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular and many very fine and fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; continuous faint clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (28 to 43 cm thick)

2Cr--108 cm; weathered basalt.

TYPE LOCATION: Clearwater County, Idaho; about 1 mile south of Teakean, Idaho; about 137 m north and 457 m west of the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 37 N., R. 1 E.; Latitude - 46 degrees North, 31 minutes, 51 seconds; Longitude - 116 degrees West, 22 minutes, 22 seconds. USGS Ahsahka quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Depth to weathered basalt - 100 to 150 cm
Average annual soil temperature - 5.0 to 7.8 degrees C
Average summer soil temperature - 15.0 to 17.2 degrees C.
Soil moisture control section - dry 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice.

Ap and A horizons
Hue - 10YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 to 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Textures - silt loam or loam
Clay content - 18 to 25 percent
Rock fragments - 5 to 10 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

AB and BA horizons (present in some pedons)
Hue - 5YR to 10YR moist
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 or 4 moist
Textures - silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Clay content - 22 to 28 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 25 percent gravel
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizons
Hue - 5YR to 10YR
Value - 3 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Textures - silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Base saturation - 45 to 65 percent
Rock fragments - 5 to 25 percent gravel
Clay content - 22 to 35 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

2Bt horizon (absent in some pedons)
Hue - 5YR to 10YR
Value - 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 4 to 6 moist or dry
Textures - silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Clay content - 24 to 36 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 30 percent gravel and 0 to 50 percent cobbles, total fragments - 10 to 65 percent
Reaction - strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES:

Kaiders soils - are very deep.
Martis soils - have an umbric epipedon 10 to 20 inches thick.
Teanaway - have aquic conditions at 30 to 50 inches.
Ubaj soils - are very deep and have 2Bt3 and 2C horizons with a clay texture.
Wafla soils - are dry more than 90 days in summer and fall and formed in stratified alluvium.
Wintoner soils - are very deep.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Cavendish soils are on hills, benches, ridges, and escarpments on basalt plateaus, at elevations of 335 to 1067 m and have slopes of 2 to 50 percent. The soils formed in loess and material weathered from basalt. The average annual precipitation ranges from 610 to 890 mm inches. The frost-free period ranges from 80 to 125 days. The average annual temperature varies from 4.4 to 7.8 degrees C.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include Joel, Klickson, Lovell, Setters and Taney soils. Joel soils are on basalt plateaus, are well drained and have mollic epipedons. Klickson soils are on canyon sides, are loamy-skeletal and have mollic epipedons. Lovell soils are in drainageways on basalt plateaus and are somewhat poorly drained. Setters soils are on basalt plateaus and benches, have greater than 35 percent clay in the control section and have mollic epipedons. Taney soils are on basalt plateaus and benches, are moderately well drained and have mollic epipedons and albic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well-drained; slow to rapid runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for wheat, barley, peas, hay, pasture and timber production. The natural vegetation is mainly an overstory of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine. Understory is common snowberry, mallow ninebark, rose, mountain brome and pine reedgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Clearwater, Latah, Lewis and Nez Perce Counties, Idaho. The series is not extensive. MLRAs 9 and 43A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lewis and Nez Perce Counties, Idaho, 1995.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon:

Ochric epipedon - surface to 20 cm (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons)

Argillic horizon - 20 to 108 cm (Bt horizons)

Particle-size control section - 20 to 70 cm (Bt1 and part of the Bt2 horizons)

Xeric soil moisture regime.

Frigid soil temperature regime.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.