LOCATION CEDONIA                 WA

Established Series
Rev. NCD/RL/RJS
06/2016

CEDONIA SERIES

The Cedonia series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in calcareous glaciolacustrine sediments mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Cedonia soils are on lake terraces and terrace breaks and have slopes of 0 to 65 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 457 mm and the average annual temperature is about 7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Cedonia ashy silt loam - cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) ashy silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)

AB--15 to 30 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) ashy silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular and irregular pores; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)

Bk1--30 to 68 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; many very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; few fine dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coatings in thin bands; 10 percent fine carbonate threads throughout, strongly effervescent in some root channels; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)

Bk2--68 to 83 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong thin platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many fine irregular pores; few dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coatings in thin bands; 10 percent fine carbonate threads throughout, strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)

C--83 to 150 cm; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) silt loam, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; finely laminated; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few roots along cleavage planes to about 50 inches; few fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; 0.2 miles east of junction of Peone and Mt. Spokane Roads; 30 feet north of Mt Spokane Road in a cultivated field in the southwest corner of section 33, T. 27 N., R. 44 E., USGS Mead, WA. Topographic quadrangle; Latitude 47 degrees, 47 minutes, 15 seconds N. and Longitude 117 degrees, 15 minutes, 31 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture - usually dry in all parts between depths of 4 and 12 inches for 60 to 75 consecutive days (xeric moisture regime)
Average annual soil temperature - 8 to 11 degrees C (47 to 52 degrees F)
Solum thickness - 70 to 100 cm
Particle-size control section - less than 5 percent rock fragments, ranges between 18 and 35 percent clay and less the 15 percent fine and coarser sand, and has a base saturation (ammonium acetate) of less than 60 percent.
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layer:
Volcanic ash influence - 18 to 38 cm thick in surface layers
Volcanic glass content - 5 to 20 percent
Acid-oxalate extractable Al + Fe - 0.40 to 1.0 percent
15 Bar water retention (air dry) - 5 to 10 percent
Moist bulk density, grams/cubic centimeter - 1.10 to 1.5 g/cc

A horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3, dry or moist
Texture - ashy silt loam or silt loam
Reaction - slightly acid or neutral

Bk horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture - silt loam or silt
Secondary calcium carbonate - 10 to 30 percent as fine threads or faint thin coats on horizontal faces of peds
Calcium carbonate equivalent - 1 to 5 percent
Reaction - slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bw horizon (when present)
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture - silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay films - none to few, faint patchy

C horizon
Hue - 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value - 6 to 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma - 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture - silt loam or silty clay loam
Redoximorphic features - none to few, fine, faint iron and manganese masses
Calcium carbonate equivalent - 5 to 20 percent
Reaction - slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Laketon series.
Laketon soils: are dry 45 to 60 days in the soil moisture control section and do not have Bk horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cedonia soils are on outwash plains, relict glacial lake terraces and terrace breaks at elevations of 1,290 to 2,700 feet(394 to 823m). Slopes are 0 to 65 percent. They formed in calcareous glaciolacustrine sediments mixed with loess and volcanic ash mixed in the upper part. The climate is characterized by warm dry summers and cool moist winters. Average annual precipitation ranges from 15 11 to 25 inches (280 to 635mm). Average July temperature is about 68 degrees F., and average annual temperature is 45 to 47 degrees F. The frost-free period is 100 to 135 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brincken, Hodgson, Hunters, Lakesol, and Peone soils. Brincken soils are on terraces, have a mollic epipedon and have more than 35 percent rock fragments in the particle size control section. Hunters soils have a mollic epipedon 25 to 50cm thick and are on terraces. Hodgson soils have more than 36 percent clay in an argillic horizon from 18 to 68cm and are on terraces. Lakesol soils are frigid, have a mollic epipedon 18 to 30cm thick, and are on terraces. Peone soils are in drainageways and have contemporary redoximorphic features within 50cm of the mineral soil surface.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained;-moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Cedonia soils are used for growing small grains, alfalfa, hay and timber. Native vegetation is ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, some Douglas-fir, western larch, pinegrass, snowberry, mallow ninebark, and wheatgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington; MLRA 43A, 44A. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 1964.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 30cm (Ap and AB horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 30 to 83cm (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons)
Secondary carbonates - the zone from 30 to 83cm (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from 0 to 30cm (Ap and AB horizons)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 25 to 100cm (part of AB, Bk1, Bk2 and part of C horizon)

The 10/2001 pedon description was updated based on revisiting the original type location. The Bw horizons were revised to Bk horizons. Additional investigation is needed as to the depth range to identifiable secondary carbonates although at this time presence is typically above 40 inches in Spokane, Stevens, North Ferry, and Colville Indian Reservation soil survey areas.

Classification revised as of 5/2000 from fine-silty, mixed, mesic Vitrandic Xerochrepts to fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerepts based on revisions to Soil Taxonomy.

Additional investigation is needed to this series concept in regards to the occurrence of a saturated zone above the substratum and the need for a revision of drainage class.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data available for this series. Pedon number 85P894, sample number S85WA019-002, NSSL, Lincoln, NE 3/88.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.