LOCATION CHUTUM AZ
Established Series
Rev. DJB/WAS/CEM/PDC/WWJ
11/2014
CHUTUM SERIES
The Chutum series consists very deep, well drained soils formed in mixed stream alluvium and fan alluvium. Chutum soils are on fan remnants, fan piedmonts, and stream terraces with slopes of 1 to 3 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 11 inches. The mean annual air temperature is about 68 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Haplocalcids
TYPICAL PEDON: Chutum loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; common very fine and fine vesicular pores; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
Bk1--2 to 11 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium platy structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; common fine and few medium roots; few very fine and fine vesicular pores; common fine and medium calcium carbonate threads; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bk2--11 to 26 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; common fine and medium threads and common fine and medium rounded soft masses of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
Bk3--26 to 54 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; common fine and medium threads and common fine and medium rounded soft masses of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 30 inches thick)
Bk4--54 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) clay loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 8/6) moist; massive; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine interstitial and tubular pores; common fine and medium threads and common fine and medium rounded soft masses of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Pima County, Arizona; latitude of 32 degrees, 27 minutes, 00 seconds North and a longitude of 112 degrees, 16 minutes, 00 seconds West. Cimarron Peak NW.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Intermittently moist in some part of the soil moisture control section during July - September and December - February. Driest during May and June. Typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Soil temperature: 66 to 72 degrees F.
Reaction: mildly to strongly alkaline
Salinity: none to very slight
Sodicity: none to slight
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Organic matter: less than 1 percent
Depth to calcic horizon: 2 to 20 inches
A horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
B horizon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 8 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Texture: loam, sandy loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam (averages more than 18 percent clay)
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 15 to 55 percent; averages less than 40 percent in the control section.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bridge (AZ),
Deltajo (NM),
Laverkin (UT),
Sotim (NM),
Turney (NM) and
Weedpatch (CA) series. . Bridge and Deltajo soils are moderately deep to bedrock. Laverkin soils have a calcic horizon at depths of 27 inches or more and are stratified in the control section. Sotim soils have dominant hue of 2.5YR in the control section from the influence of red sandstone and shale. Turney soils have hue yellower than 7.5YR and have cambic and weakly cemented calcic horizons. Weedpatch soils have hue commonly yellower than 10YR. In addition, Weedpatch soils are in the
San Joaquin
Valley (MLRA 17) receive mostly winter precipitation and are usually dry from April through November.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Chutum soils are on fan remnants, fan piedmonts, and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 1 to 3 percent. They formed in mixed stream alluvium and fan alluvium. Elevation ranges from 2,200 to 4,150 feet. The mean annual precipitation is 8 to 13 inches. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 64 to 70 degrees F. The frost-free period is about 180 to 260 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Guest,
Glendale, and
Grabe soils. Guest soils are fine textured. Glendale soils are fine-silty. Grabe soils are coarse-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Chutum soils are used for livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and irrigated cropland. Vegetation includes creosotebush, mesquite, Pima pappusgrass, fourwing saltbush, wolfberry, annual grasses and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Arizona. This series is of moderate extent. MLRA is 40.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pima County, Arizona; Soil survey of Tohono O'odham Indian Reservation, AZ, Parts of Maricopa, Pima and Pinal Counties; 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 2 inches (A horizon)
Calcic horizon - the zone from 2 to 60 inches (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, Bk4 horizons)
Classified according to Soil Taxonomy Second Edition, 1999; Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
Revised for the correlation of White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico; October, 2014, NMS
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.