LOCATION CLOQUET MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Typic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Cloquet silt loam on a 4 percent convex slope under birch, aspen and hazel. Elevation of about 409 meters. Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.
A--0 to 3 centimeters; black (N 2/0) silt loam; weak very fine and fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; few fine charcoal fragments; 3 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 10 centimeters thick)
E--3 to 8 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate fine granular and moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many roots; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 centimeters thick)
Bw1--8 to 20 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many roots; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--20 to 36 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many roots; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 28 to 41 centimeters thick)
2Bw--36 to 43 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) gravelly loamy coarse sand; parts of horizon are massive and parts have weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; 20 percent rock fragments; few thin clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 centimeters thick)
2BC--43 to 91 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very gravelly loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; few roots; 40 percent rock fragments; most of the medium and coarser sand grains are stained; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 50 centimeters thick)
2C--91 to 203 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few roots; 50 percent rock fragments; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA)_90A-Wisconsin and_Minnesota_Thin_Loess_and Till, Northern Part; Carlton County, Minnesota; 130 feet east of northwest-southeast road and 400 feet north of cultivated field in the SE 1/4, NW 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 16, T. 48 N., R. 18 W; Sawyer Quadrangle, latitude 46 degrees 38 minutes 22 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees 38 minutes 6 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Content of fine sand and finer particles in the loamy eolian or glaciofluvial deposits--more than 50 percent
Rock fragment content in the loamy eolian or glaciofluvial deposits--0 to 10 percent gravel
Depth to the underlying outwash--30 to 61 centimeters
Rock fragment content in the underlying outwash--total of 15 to 75 percent; with 15 to 75 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, and 0 to 3 percent stones and boulders
A horizon:
Hue--neutral or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Reaction--moderately or strongly acid
Some pedons have an Ap horizon.
E horizon (when present, is commonly discontinuous within the limits of a pedon):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 through 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Reaction--strongly acid or very strongly acid
Some pedons have thin EB, BE or B/E horizons.
Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Reaction--strongly acid or very strongly acid
In some pedons, a thin horizon containing illuviated clay is at the contact between the loamy mantle and the underlying outwash.
2Bw (when present):
Hue--5YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--gravelly coarse sand, gravelly loamy coarse sand, gravelly loamy sand, gravelly sandy loam or their very gravelly analogues
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
2BC horizon (when present):
Hue--5YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--very gravelly loamy coarse sand, very gravelly loamy sand or their gravelly analogues
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
2C horizon:
Hue--5YR to 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 through 6
Texture--very gravelly coarse sand, very gravelly loamy coarse sand, very gravelly sand, very gravelly loamy sand or their gravelly and extremely gravelly analogues. In some pedons, it is stratified sand and gravel.
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material-- a mantle of loamy eolian or glaciofluvial deposits and the underlying gravelly outwash
Landform--linear to convex slopes on outwash plains, valley trains, and glacial moraines
Slope--0 to 60 percent
The outwash sediment is from the Superior Lobe, Rainy Lobe, or is mixed from both sources of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation
Mean annual air temperature--2 to 6 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--650 to 790 millimeters
Annual frost free period--80 to 140 days
Elevation above sea level--350 to 500 meters
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Near the type location, these are the
Emmert,
Gnesen,
Hulligan,
Rollins, and
Warman soils.
Emmert--are on similar landscape positions but are in the Typic Udorthents subgroup
Gnesen--are on lower landscape positions and are in the Aquic Dystric Eutrudepts subgroup
Hulligan--are on lower landscape positions and are in the Typic Humaquepts subgroup
Rollins--are on similar landscape positions but are in the Typic Dystrudepts subgroup
Warman--are on lower lying positions on the landscape and have a mollic epipedon
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat excessively drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loamy eolian or glaciofluvial deposits and 10.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the underlying outwash
USE AND VEGETATION: They are used chiefly for timber production. Some areas have been cleared and used primarily for forage crops. Native vegetation was mixed deciduous coniferous forest. The main kinds of trees are quaking aspen, paper birch, oaks, and red and jack pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains or Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland or Superior Upland
Physiographic sections--Western Lake Section (if in the Central Lowland Province) or undefined (if in the Superior Upland Province)
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A) and Superior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Western Part (93A)
LRR K; northeastern Minnesota and possibly northwestern Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pine County, Minnesota, 1935.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to 3 centimeters (A horizon)
cambic horizon--the zone from 8 to 36 centimeters (Bw horizon)
isotic minerology based on 1500 kPa water to measured clay ratio of 0.6 or greater
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedon id S68MN017006, the typical pedon (http://ssldata.nrcs.usda.gov/)