LOCATION COOKSON MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Cookson silt loam in an area of Cookson-Amadon silt loams 1 to 6 percent slopes in a forested area at an elevation of 211 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 8 centimeters; slightly decomposed forest litter; extremely acid.
E--8 to 18 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/2) silt loam; gray (7.5YR 6/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky parting to weak coarse granular structure; friable; common fine, few medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 centimeters thick)
Bhs--18 to 28 centimeters; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine, few medium and coarse roots; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 10 centimeters thick)
2Bs--28 to 41 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; about 7 percent fine, medium and coarse gravel; moderately acid; abrupt broken boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters thick)
2E/Bt--41 to 53 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/3) fine sandy loam, light gray (7.5YR 7/1) dry (E); occupies about 85 percent of the horizon surrounding reddish brown (5YR 4/3) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine vesicular pores; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. (8 to 25 centimeters thick)
2Bt--53 to 79 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine vesicular pores; few faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 30 centimeters thick)
2C--79 to 91 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; massive; firm; about 5 percent fine, medium and coarse gravel; moderately alkaline; strong effervescence; abrupt smooth boundary.
3R--91 centimeters; hard, fractured limestone bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area 94B Michigan Eastern Upper Peninsula Sandy Drift, Schoolcraft County Michigan Subset; about 3 miles northeast of Gulliver; 1056 feet east and 2112 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T.42N., R.13W.; USGS Blaney Park topographic quadrangle; Mueller Township; lat. 46 degrees 2 minutes 08 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 56 minutes 40 seconds W. NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to limestone bedrock - 76 to 127 centimeters
Gravel content, upper solum - 0 to 3 percent
Gravel content, lower solum and substratum - 2 to 15 percent
Cobbles content - 0 to 3 percent throughout
Stones content - 0 to 2 percent throughout
A horizon (when present):
Hue - 5YR to 10YR
Value - 2 to 4
Chroma - 1 or 2
Texture - silt loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid
Cultivated areas may have a high pH due to liming practices.
E horizon:
Hue - 5YR or 7.5YR
value - 4 to 6
chroma - 2 or 3
Texture - silt loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam.
Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bhs horizon:
Hue - 5YR or 7.5YR
Chroma - 2 or 3
Texture - silt loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bs or 2Bs horizon:
Hue - 5YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 or 4
Chroma - 3 or 4
Texture - sandy loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bw horizon (when present):
Hue of 7.5YR
Chroma of 3 or 4
Texture - fine sand or loamy fine sand
Reaction - very strongly acid to moderately acid
E part of the 2E/Bt horizon:
Hue - 5YR or 7.5YR
Value - 5 or 6
Chroma - 2 or 3
Texture - fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy fine sand
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral
Bt part of the 2E/Bt horizon:
Hue of 5YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 or 4
Chroma - 3 or 4
Textures - sandy clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
2Bt horizon:
Hue of 5YR or 7.5YR
Value - 3 or 4
Chroma - 3 or 4
Texture - sandy clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
Reaction - neutral or slightly alkaline.
2C horizon:
Hue - 5YR or 7.5YR
Value - 4 or 5
Chroma - 3 or 4
Texture - fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Reaction - slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alcona, Cheboygan, and Greylock series. These soils do not have bedrock above 203 centimeters.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - ground moraines underlain by limestone or dolomitic sandstone at a depth of 76 to 127 centimeters.
Slope - 1 to 50 percent
Mean annual precipitation - 710 to 810 millimeters
Mean annual air temperature - 3 to 5 degrees C.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Cookson soils are associated with
Amadon,
Trenary,
Menominee, and
Tawas soils.
Amadon - are on similar landscape positions and in the Lithic Haplorthods Subgroup.
Trenary - are on similar landscape positions and in the semiactive cation-exchange activity class.
Menominee - are on similar landscape positions and in the sandy over loamy particle-size class.
Tawas - are in depressions and in the Terric Haplosaprists Subgroup.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class There is no water saturation above the bedrock (well drained).
Runoff - low to very high depending on slope
Saturated hydraulic conductivity - moderately high to high
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is in woodland. Major tree species include sugar maple, basswood, white ash, aspen, and ironwood. Common ground plants include sweet cicely, downy yellow violet, sedges, twisted stalk, and spinulose shield fern.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division
--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province
--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section
--Eastern Lake
Land Resource Region
--Northern Lake States Forest and Forage region (LRR K)
Major Land Resource Area
--Michigan Eastern Upper Peninsula Sandy Drift (MLRA 94B)
The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Major Land Resource Area 94B Michigan Eastern Upper Peninsula Sandy Drift; Schoolcraft County Michigan Subset, December 2006. Proposed in Schoolcraft County, Michigan, 1999. Source of name is a named lake in southern Schoolcraft County, Michigan.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are: Albic horizon - 8 to 18 centimeters (E horizon)
Spodic horizon - 18 to 41 centimeters (Bhs, 2Bs horizons)
Glossic horizon - 41 to 53 centimeters (2E/B horizon)
Argillic horizon - 53 to 79 centimeters (2Bt horizon)
Particle size control section - 25 to 91 centimeters
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to S02MI-153-004 for NSSL data on the typical pedon. The pedon descriptions supporting this series concept are stored in NASIS.