LOCATION COPPLER MI

Established Series
Rev. RWN-EPJ-MLK
08/2012

COPPLER SERIES

The Coppler series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils on kames, moraines, stream terraces, and outwash channels. These soils formed in sandy and loamy outwash underlain by stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 737 mm (29 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.6 degrees C (44 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, frigid Arenic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Coppler loamy sand, on a 2 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.

A--0 to 13 cm (5 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and few medium roots; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [2 to 15 cm (1 to 6 inches) thick]

Bw1--13 to 43 cm (5 to 17 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and few medium roots; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--43 to 61 cm (17 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and few medium roots; about 20 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 30 to 76 cm (12 to 30 inches).]

2Bt--61 to 74 cm (24 to 29 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; clay bridges between sand grains; about 30 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches) thick]

3C--74 to 203 cm (29 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 60 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Iosco County, Michigan; about 7 miles northeast of Hale; about 1,190 feet south and 1,980 feet west of northeast corner of sec. 26, T. 24 N., R. 6 E., Oscoda Township; USGS Loud Dam, Michigan topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 27 minutes 01 second N. and long. 83 degrees 40 minutes 25 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the argillic horizon: 51 to 86 cm (20 to 34 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 64 to 102 cm (25 to 40 inches)
Mean annual soil temperature: 7.2 to 8.3 degrees C (45 to 47 degrees F)

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR, or is neutral
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: loamy sand or sand
Rock fragment content: 3 to 10 percent gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

E horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy sand or sand
Rock fragment content: 3 to 10 percent gravel
Reaction: extremely acid to neutral

Bw horizon:
Hue: 5YR to10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: loamy sand, sand, or gravelly sand
Rock fragment content: 3 to 25 percent gravel and 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Reaction: extremely acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: very gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly sandy clay loam, or very gravelly loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 60 percent
Fine sand and coarser sand content: 50 to 70 percent
Base saturation: 60 to 80 percent throughout
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogues of sand or coarse sand; some pedons have thin strata of sand, loamy sand, coarse sand, or gravelly sand
Rock fragment content: weighted average of 35 to 75 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Coppler soils are on kames, moraines, stream terraces, and glacial drainageways. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. The Coppler soils formed in sandy and loamy outwash over stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 762 mm (28 to 30 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 6.1 to 7.2 degrees C (43 to 45 degrees F). Frost-free period is 110 to 130 days. Elevation is 183 to 305 meters (600 to 1,000 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gladwin, Tawas, and Graycalm soils. Gladwin soils have a spodic horizon with redox features and are on lower landscape positions. Tawas soils have a surface organic layer more than 41 cm thick (16 inches thick) and are on lower landscape positions. Graycalm soils have less than 15 percent gravel throughout and are on similar landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the sandy upper part, moderate in the loamy material and very high in the underlying gravelly substratum. Potential surface runoff is negligible to low.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Native vegetation is northern red oak, red maple, red pine, white pine, wintergreen, blueberry, sweet fern, and bracken fern.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 94A in northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. These soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Iosco County, Michigan, 1994.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 61 cm (24 inches) (A, Bw1, and Bw2 horizons).
Arenic feature: loamy sand or gravelly sand textures from the surface to a depth of 61 cm (24 inches) (A, Bw1, and Bw2 horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 61 to 74 cm (24 to 29 inches) (2Bt horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record: MI0750.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.