LOCATION GLADWIN MI

Established Series
Rev. RWJ-WEF-MLK-GDW
08/2012

GLADWIN SERIES

The Gladwin series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in sandy glaciofluvial deposits on outwash plains, lake plains, valley trains, deltas, and low beach ridges. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.6 degrees C (44 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Argic Endoaquods

TYPICAL PEDON: Gladwin loamy sand, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 10 cm (4 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 5 percent medium gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) thick]

E--10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the lower portion of this horizon; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) thick]

Bs--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/3 and 4/4) sand; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. [10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 inches) thick]

Bt--30 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; clay bridging between sand grains; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; about 20 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 36 cm (4 to 14 inches) thick]

BC--51 to 64 cm (20 to 25 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; very friable; few fine roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron; common fine distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

2C--64 to 203 cm (25 to 80 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) stratified sand, gravelly sand, and very gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; about 45 percent fine and medium gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Otsego County, Michigan; 250 feet south and 750 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 31 N., R. 3 W., Livingston Township; USGS Gaylord, Michigan topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 5 minutes 53.73 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 39 minutes 22.04 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sand or loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

Bs horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sand, loamy sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly loamy sand
Rock fragment content: 5 to 20 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

Bs2 horizon, where present;
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Rock fragment content: 5 to 35 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sand or loamy sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 35 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly sand, very gravelly sand, or stratified sand and gravel
Rock fragment content: 20 to 50 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Otisco and Pequaming series. Otisco and Pequaming soils do not have carbonates above a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). In addition, Otisco soils have less than 20 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gladwin soils are on outwash plains, lake plains, valley trains, deltas, and low beach ridges. Slopes are 0 to 6 percent. Gladwin soils formed in sandy glaciofluvial material of Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 660 to 889 mm (26 to 35 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 5.5 to 7.7 degrees C (42 to 46 degrees F). Frost-free period is 80 to 160 days. Elevation is 183 to 366 meters (600 to 1,200 feet).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the East Lake, Epoufette, and Mancelona soils. The somewhat excessively drained Mancelona and poorly drained Epoufette soil are in a drainage sequence with Gladwin soils. The somewhat excessively drained East Lake soils are on higher landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The depth to the top of a seasonal high water table ranges from 15 to 46 cm (0.5 to 1.5 feet) between October and June in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately rapid in the upper part and very rapid in the lower part.

USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are cropped to corn, hay, small grains, and beans and some vegetables. Artificial drainage is needed to successfully grow most crops. A large part is in permanent pasture, forest, or is idle cropland. Native vegetation is northern hardwoods such as quaking aspen, paper birch, sugar maple, with some balsam fir, eastern hemlock, and eastern white pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 94A, 94B, 94C, 95A, 96, and 98 in northern Lower Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grand Traverse County, Michigan, 1963.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 10 cm (4 inches) (Ap horizon).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) (E horizon).
Spodic horizon: from a depth of 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches) (Bs horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches (Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions (endosaturation): redoximorphic features present in all horizons below the ochric epipedon from 15 to 203 cm (6 to 80 inches) (E,Bs, Bt, and C horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Record: MI0142, MI0507.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.