LOCATION CANEEK IA

Established Series
Rev. FFR-DBO-RJB
06/2015

CANEEK SERIES

The Caneek series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained soils formed in 50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) of stratified, calcareous, silty alluvium and in the underlying silty alluvium. These soils are on low stream terraces and floodplains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C (about 47 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation is about 810 millimeters (about 32 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

TYPICAL PEDON: Caneek silt loam, on a west-facing slope of about 1 percent, in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thin platy structure; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) thick]

Cg1--15 to 41 centimeters (6 to 16 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam that has thin dark gray (10YR 4/1) and brown (10YR 5/3) strata; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; common fine iron and manganese oxide concretions; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2--41 to 81 centimeters (16 to 32 inches); stratified dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dark gray (10YR 4/1), and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) iron and manganese oxide concretions; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 35 to 102 centimeters (14 to 40 inches).]

Ab--81 to 127 centimeters (32 to 50 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) in the lower part; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [38 to 152 centimeters (15 to 60 inches) thick]

Bb--127 to 203 centimeters (50 to 80 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills; Clayton County, Iowa subset; about 5 miles south of McGregor; about 573 meters (1,880 feet) east and 701 meters (2,300 feet) south of the northwest corner of section 22, T. 94 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Clayton quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 36.8 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 11 minutes 1.2 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches), absent in the 2Ab horizon
Depth to buried horizons--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Gypsum content--calcium sulfate crystals are not present
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 26 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--0 to 3
Texture--silt loam, some pedons contain thin strata of very fine sand or silt
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Ab horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--12 to 30 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

Bb horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--12 to 30 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bloom, Sonoma, and Wayasket series.
Bloom--have gypsum accumulations in the lower two thirds of the series control section
Sonoma--have a clay content of 25 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section and have an aridic moisture regime during the growing season in normal years
Wyasket--contain visible gypsum throughout the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) of stratified, calcareous, silty alluvium and in the underlying silty alluvium
Landform--low stream terraces and floodplains
Slopes--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--198 to 396 meters (650 to 1,300 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 860 millimeters (30 to 34 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 175 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dorchester, Volney, and Zwingle soils.
Dorchester--are on slightly higher elevations on floodplains and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.1 meters (3.5 feet) in normal years
Volney--are on higher elevations on alluvial fans and floodplains, have a rock fragment content of 15 to 90 percent in the series control section, and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) in normal years
Zwingle--are on similar landscape positions as the Caneek soils and have an average clay content of 50 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within a depth of 0 meters (0 feet) during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--rarely to frequently flooded for very brief to long periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are pastured or cultivated. Where drained, the principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hays. The native vegetative cover is a mixed herbaceous and woody community commonly inhabited with Eastern Cottonwoods, Black Willows, Silver Maples, Green Ashes, American Sycamores, Rice Cutgrasses, Grays Sedges, Bushy Cinquefoils, Nodding Beggarticks, Swamp Docks, and Calico Asters.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sectionsWisconsin driftless section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105) and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M; eastern and northeastern Iowa
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winneshiek County, Iowa, 1970.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 39 inches) (Cg1, Cg2and 2Ab horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (0 to 59 inches) (Ap, Cg1, Cg2, 2Ab and 2Bb horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) (Ap horizon);
aquic moisture regime.

Irregular decrease of organic carbon content with increasing depth.

Aeric subgroup based on dominant value of 4 or less without redoximorphic concentrations in the upper 50 centimeters (20 inches).

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.

Type location moved from Winneshiek County, Iowa to Clayton County, Iowa in 2005 because original site had been altered.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.