LOCATION CARMI IL+IN MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Carmi sandy loam on a south facing slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 456 feet above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common very fine roots throughout; about 1 percent rounded rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--10 to 18 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common very fine roots throughout; about 2 percent rounded rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Ap and A horizons is 12 to 24 inches)
Bt1--18 to 26 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay bridging between sand grains; about 2 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt2--26 to 37 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds and many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay bridging between sand grains; about 35 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt3--37 to 44 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots throughout; many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds and many distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay bridging between sand grains; about 12 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt4--44 to 57 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) stratified sandy loam and coarse sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots throughout; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds and many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay bridging between sand grains; about 10 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt5--57 to 68 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy coarse sand; very weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common faint patchy brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; about 10 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt and 2Bt horizons is 28 to 56 inches)
2BCt--68 to 82 inches; 70 percent brown (7.5YR 4/3) and 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) stratified loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, and coarse sand; single grain; loose; common faint patchy brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; about 10 percent rounded rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)
2C--82 to 93 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) stratified coarse sand, gravelly coarse sand, and very gravelly coarse sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Clark County, Illinois; about 2 1/2 miles south and 1 1/4 miles east of the village of West Union; 1326 feet south and 81 feet east of northwest corner of sec. 33 , T. 9 N., R. 11 W.; USGS West Union, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 10 minutes 59.25 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 38 minutes 49.79 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S, 444104 Easting 4337090 Northing; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 20 to 34 inches. Solum thickness is greater than 40 inches. The particle size control section averages 12 to 18 percent clay but individual layers may range as low as 10 to as high as 22 percent clay.
The Ap and A horizons have a hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam or sandy loam. Rock fragment content is less than 15 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
Some pedons have an AB or BA horizon.
The Bt and/or 2Bt horizons have hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. The texture typically is loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or sandy clay loam but thin layers of loamy coarse sand are present in some pedons in the lower parts of Bt or 2Bt horizons. Rock fragment content is typically less than 35 percent by volume but individual layers, below 40 inches, may contain as much as 50 percent. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
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The BCt or 2BCt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is typically stratified. Textures include sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, and sand or coarse sand. Rock fragment content is typically less than 35 percent by volume but individual layers may contain as much as 50 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The C or 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Textures include sand or coarse sand. Rock fragment content is typically less than 35 percent by volume, however individual strata may contain more. Reaction ranges from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Effervescence ranges from very slightly effervescent to strongly effervescent.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Carmi soils formed in loamy materials and the underlying sandy and gravelly outwash. They are on summits, shoulders, and backslopes of stream terraces. Slope gradients range from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 53 to 57 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 36 to 45 inches. Frost-free days range from 175 to 200 days, and elevation ranges from 350 to 550 feet above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Alvin,
Haymond,
Ridgway,
Ruark,
Stockland,
Titus,
Wakeland, and
Westland soils. The well drained Alvin, Ridgway, and Stockland soils are on similar or slightly higher landforms than Carmi soils. Alvin and Ridgway soils have a lighter colored surface soil.
Stockland soils have more gravel in the particle size control section. The poorly drained Ruark soils are on the same landforms but are in slight depressions and have a light colored surface layer. The poorly and very poorly
drained Westland soils are in depressions, have a dark colored surface, and are on the same landforms. The well drained Haymond, the poorly drained Titus, and the somewhat poorly drained Wakeland soils are on floodplains below Carmi soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to medium. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part and rapid in the lower part of the series control section. The depth to the top of a seasonal high water table is greater than 6 feet.
USE AND VEGETATION: Carmi soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. Some are used for pasture. Natural vegetation is prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Illinois and Indiana. Extent is moderate.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lawrence County, Illinois, 1952.
REMARKS: With this update the OSD typical pedon is relocated to a site near the previous location and redescribed to bring it up to current standards.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon- 0 to 26 inches, (Ap, A, and Bt1 horizons. Horizons below 26 inches meet mollic color and base saturation criteria, but do not meet organic carbon requirement);
Cambic horizon- 18 to 57 inches (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons)
Udic moisture regime;
Mesic temperature regime.
Additional Data: Data for the original OSD location (within 50 feet from the new location) was used to assist with classification. Pedon number S73IL-023-001 is at the NSSL in Lincoln, NE. Other data for the Carmi series is available from NSSL and on file at the MLRA Project Office in Charleston, Illinois