LOCATION CASSIA FL

Established Series
Rev. AGH-CAP-AMS
11/2018

CASSIA SERIES

The Cassia series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in sandy marine deposits. Cassia soils are on low ridges and knolls on scrubby flatwoods. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1397 millimeters (55 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 21 degrees C (72 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Oxyaquic Alorthods

TYPICAL PEDON: Cassia sand is in a slightly convex rangeland on a slight rise at elevation of about 24 meters (80 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil).

A--0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) rubbed, sand; single grain; loose, many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches) thick]

E--10 to 64 centimeters (4 to 25 inches); light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; few medium faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) streaks and organic matter accumulations; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [20 to 71 centimeters (8 to 28 inches) thick]

Bh1--64 to 71 centimeters (25 to 28 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) sand; massive, parting to moderate fine granular structure; firm; sand grains coated with organic material; many fine roots; few coarse pockets of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) organic matter depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bh2--71 to 94 centimeters (28 to 37 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand; massive, parting to moderate medium granular structure; firm; sand grains are coated with organic material; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bh horizons range from 23 to 89 centimeters (9 to 35 inches) thick]

C--94 to 203 centimeters (37 to 80 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand; single grain; loose; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) and few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of organic matter accumulation; very strongly acid. [Combined thickness of the C horizons ranges from 28 to 155 centimeters (11 to 61 inches) thick]

TYPE LOCATION: Lake County, Florida; approximately 3.2 kilometers (2.0 miles) northeast of Lake Melton, about 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) east of Lake Virginia, and about 0.4 kilometers (0.25 miles) west of paved road in the SW 1/4, NE 1/4, Sec. 3, T. 20 S., R. 26 E.; Latitude and Longitude; 28 degrees 46 minutes 34.38 seconds north and 81 degrees 41 minutes 44.9 seconds west. Datum WSG84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture control section: 30 to 90 centimeters (12 to 35 inches)
Solum thickness: 48 centimeters (19 inches) or more
Depth to aquic conditions: 46 to 107 centimeters (18 to 42 inches)
Depth to albic horizon: 5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches)
Depth to spodic horizon: 25 to 76 centimeters (10 to 30 inches)
Depth to redoximorphic features: 46 to 107 centimeters (18 to 42 inches)
Depth to endosaturation: 46 to 107 centimeters (18 to 42 inches)
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid throughout (pH 3.5 to 6.5)

Particle-size control section (weighted averages):
Clay content: 0 to 7 percent
Fine sand content: 30 to 75 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or Neutral
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1
Texture: fine sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 7 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR or Neutral
Value: 6 to 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2
Organic matter accumulations and/or depletions: faint or distinct, fine or medium, none to common
Transitional horizon 0.5 to 2 inches thick may occur with Hue: 10YR, Value: 2 to 4, Chroma: 1 or 2

Bh horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or Neutral
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
Coated sand grains: most are coated with organic material
Redoximorphic features: depletions or concentrations, 1 to 20 percent, and fine or medium in size
Clay content: 2 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2
Organic matter depletions: faint or distinct, fine or medium, none to common

E' horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR or Neutral
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sand or sand
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2

Bh' horizon, where present:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or Neutral
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
Coated sand grains: most are coated with organic material
Redoximorphic features: depletions or concentrations, 1 to 20 percent, and fine or medium in size
Clay content: 2 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2
Organic matter depletions: faint or distinct, fine or medium, none to common

C or Cg horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sand or sand
Redoximorphic features: depletions and/or concentrations, 1 to 20 percent, and fine or medium in size
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Rock fragments: 0
EC (mmhos/centimeters): 0 to 2

In some pedons, sand-size shell fragments are in the C horizon below a depth of 60 inches, and where present, the reaction ranges from slightly acid to neutral.
A few boulders are within the pedon in a few areas.

COMPETING SERIES:
These are the Bimini, Electra, Narcoossee, Newnan, Pomello, and Zolfo series.
Bimini soils have spodic horizons 76 to 127 centimeters (30 to 50 inches) below the surface and are underlain by an argillic horizon below a depth of 40 inches.
Electra soils have spodic horizons underlain by argillic horizons.
Narcoossee soils have a thinner discontinuous spodic horizon.
Newnan soils have spodic horizons at a depth less than 76 centimeters (30 inches) below the surface and are underlain by argillic horizons.
Pomello soils have spodic horizons 76 to 127 centimeters (30 to 50 inches) below the surface.
Zolfo soils have spodic horizons more than 127 centimeters (50 inches) below the surface.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: 0 to 203 centimeters (0 to 80 inches) sandy marine sediments
Landscape: Lower Coastal Plain
Landform(s): low ridges and knolls on scrubby flatwoods on marine terraces
Hillslope position: rise, interfluve, and side slope
Geomorphic component: talf and rise
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation: 0 to 35 meters (0 to 115 feet)
Mean annual temperature: 20 to 25 degrees C (68 to 77 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 1118 to 1600 millimeters (44 to 63 inches)
Frost-free period: 345 to 365 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Adamsville and Satellite soils lack spodic horizons, are sandy throughout, and are on similar positions.
St. Lucie soils lack spodic horizons, are sandy throughout, and are on higher landform positions.
Pompano soils lack spodic horizons, are sandy throughout, and are on lower landform positions.
EauGallie and Oldsmar soils have argillic horizons and are in lower landform positions.
Immokalee and Oldsmar soils have spodic horizons 76 to 127 centimeters (30 to 50 inches) below the surface and are in lower landform positions.
Myakka soils have spodic horizons at depths of 51 to 91 centimeters (20 to 36 inches) and are in lower landform positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat): high to very high in the A and E horizons and moderately high to high in the Bh horizon
Permeability: rapid in the A and E horizons and moderate to moderately rapid permeability in the Bh horizon
Runoff: negligible to very low
Depth to seasonal high water table: 46 to 107 centimeters (18 to 42 inches) of the surface for about 6 months during most years, and within 76 to 203 centimeters (30 to 80 inches) inches most of the rest of the year.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Under natural conditions Cassia soils are used for water quality and wildlife habitat, some areas are used for range.
Potential native vegetation consists of scattered slash pine, longleaf pine, and saw palmetto. The understory vegetation consists of splitbeard bluestem, broomsedge bluestem, creeping bluestem, low panicum, lopsided indiangrass, pineland threeawn, paspalum, switchgrass, runner oak, and saw palmetto.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): South-Central Florida Ridge (MLRA 154), South Florida Flatwoods (MLRA 155), and Southern Florida Lowlands (MLRA 156B).
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama.

SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Lake County, Florida; 1970

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section: 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches)

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:

Ochric epipedon - 0 to 64 centimeters (0 to 25 inches) (A, E horizons)

Albic horizon - 10 to 64 centimeters (4 to 25 inches) (E horizon)

Spodic horizon - 64 to 94 centimeters (25 to 37 inches) (Bh1, Bh2 horizons)

Aquic conditions - Endosaturation 46 to 107 centimeters (18 to 42 inches)

Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions: 94 to 203 centimeters (37 to 80 inches) (C horizons)

The moderately well drained phase has been dropped from the series concept because it does not classify as an Oxyaquic Alorthods. It will be considered a variant of the Cassia series until a decision is made on how to handle it.

Soil classified according to the 12th Edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data is available on the National Soil Survey website at: http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/querypage.aspx

OSD User Site ID: 1975FL069006

OSD Pedon Site ID: 1975FL069006

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.