LOCATION CIDERMILL OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cidermill silt loam, on a 4 percent convex
slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and common medium roots; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and few medium roots; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt coats on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam;moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--17 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--21 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 14 to 24 inches.)
2Bt5--28 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly
loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt6--34 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; 55 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 10 to 36 inches.)
2BC--42 to 50 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on gravel faces; 45 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
2C--50 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very
gravelly coarse sandy loam stratified with a thin layer of very gravelly loam in the upper part; massive; very friable; 45 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Holmes County, Ohio; Knox Township; about 2.8
miles west-southwest of Nashville; 1,715 feet south and 1,385 feet west of the northeast corner of section 21, T 19 N., R. 15 W. USGS Greer, OH topographic quadangle; Latitude 40 degrees 35 minutes 29 seconds N., and Longitude 82 degrees 10 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 72 inches. Thickness of the silty mantle ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Gravel content is variable in most pedons because of stratification and ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the Ap and Bt horizons, 0 to 60 percent in the 2Bt horizon, and 5 to 60 percent in the 2C horizon, except for a few thin lenses that range up to 80 percent.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Reaction ranges from neutral to very strongly acid. Some undisturbed pedons have an A horizon 1 to 5 inches thick that has value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2.
The E horizon, where present, is 3 to 8 inches thick has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. It ranges from 18 to 30 percent clay in the particle size control section. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to very strongly acid.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is stratified loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or sand in the fine earth fraction. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to very strongly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bearthicket, Elk, Elkinsville, Olephant, Parke, Pike, Ricket, Tobinsport, Wellrock, and Wellston series. Bearthicket, Elkinsville, Olephant, Parke, Pike, and Ricket soils have an argillic horizon deeper than 80 inches. Tobinsport soils have no rock fragments in the control section. Wellrock soils have paralithic contact which ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Wellston soils have lithic or paralithic contact which ranges from 40 to 72 inches. The Angatoka, Eilertsen, Kurtz, Rosine, and Vernonia series were formerly in the same family, but have been assigned a CEC activity class at the present time. The Alford series is superactive.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cidermill soils formed in a mantle of silty material 24 to 40 inches thick and in the underlying stratified glacial outwash deposits on treads on stream terraces. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. Climate is humid and temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 36 to 42 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 54 degrees F., frost free days range from 120 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 feet to 840 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bogart, Chili, Fitchville, Glenford, and Jimtown soils. Bogart and Glenford soils are moderately well drained and are in slightly lower topographic positions. Fitchville and Jimtown soils are somewhat poorly drained and are in lower topographic positions. Chili soils are fine-loamy and are on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and moderately rapid in the lower part of the solum and rapid in the substratum. The depth to a seasonal high water table is greater than 6 feet.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cidermill soils are used for cropland. Principal crops are corn, oats, wheat, and mixed hay. Native vegetation was mixed deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central and north-central Ohio. The soils are of large extent. MLRA's 124 and 139.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Holmes County, Ohio, 1987.
REMARKS: Cidermill soils were formerly included with Chili or Rush soils or as fine-silty taxadjuncts of Wheeling soils.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon- from a depth of 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon- from a depth of 9 to 42 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, and 2Bt6 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for HL-9, the typifying pedon are as follows SS10262-SS10265 for particle size and reaction and to sample SS10781 for base saturation. Other data is available for pedons CA-W18, HO-20, PG-8, RC-24, SK-7, and ST-6, from the Soil Characterization Laboratory at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.