LOCATION CYLINDER IA+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Cylinder loam on a nearly level stream terrace in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A1--20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--36 to 46 centimeters (14 to 18 inches); very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and black (10YR 2/1) coats on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizons is 36 to 61 centimeters (14 to 24 inches.)]
Bg1--46 to 61 centimeters (18 to 24 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) coats on faces of peds; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redox concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bg2--61 to 71 centimeters (24 to 28 inches); mixed dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) loam; very weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) masses; common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches.)]
2BC--71 to 99 centimeters (28 to 39 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) medium and coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 31 centimeters (0 to 12 inches) thick]
2C1--99 to 127 centimeters (39 to 50 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 35 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [(0 to 20 inches) thick]
2C2--127 to 203 centimeters (50 to 80 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 35 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Clay County, Iowa; about 1 mile east of Everly; 123 feet south and 1,278 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 96 N., R. 38 W., USGS Everly quadrangle, latitude 43 degrees 09 minutes 18 seconds N., and longitude 95 degrees 18 minutes 13 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
The thickness of the mollic epipedon--36 to 61 centimeters (14 to 24 inches)
Depth to sandy and gravely material--61 to 102 centimeters (24 to 40 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 30 percent in the upper part and less than 10 percent in the lower part
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 40 percent in the upper part and 75 to 90 percent in the lower part
Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--18 to 40 percent
Rock fragments--0 to 10 percent by volume
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bg or Bw horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--30 to 40 percent
Rock fragments--0 to 10 percent by volume
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
Sandy loam textures may occur in the lower part of this horizon but are less then 5 inches thick. Redox concentration and/or depletions typically occur in this horizon.
BC horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loam
Clay content--12 to 20 percent
Sand content--40 to 50 percent
Coarse fragment--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
2BC horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--sand or loamy sand or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues
Clay content--less than 10 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Coarse fragments--5 to 50 percent by volume
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 8
Texture--sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or their gravelly analogues
Clay content--less than 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Coarse fragments--5 to 35 percent by volume
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Lawler series. Lawler soils lack carbonates in the lower third of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy alluvium overlying sand and gravel outwash
Landform--nearly level to gently undulating glacial outwash plains and stream terraces
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--290 to 427 meters (950 to 1400 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--66 to 81 centimeters (26 to 32 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 170 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Biscay--occur on slightly lower landscape positions and are saturated in the upper 30 centimeters (12 inches) of the series control section.
Estherville--typically occur on slightly higher, more sloping terrain, do not have saturation in the series control section, and average less than 15 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
Linder--occupy similar landscape positions but average less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
Wadena--occur on slightly higher landscape positions and do not have saturation within the series control section.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained--a saturated zone occurs within a depth of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet)
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--2 to 6 inches per hour (moderately high to high) in the silty or loamy sediments and more than w0 inches per hour (very high) in the underlying gravelly sand
Surface runoff potential--very low
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Dissected till plains, and Wisconsin driftless section,
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103), Loess Uplands and Till Plains (102B), Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107)
LRR M; Northwestern and north-central Iowa and southern Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Webster County, Iowa, 1970.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Particle-size control section--the zone from 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches)
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (59 inches)
Mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 46 centimeters (18 inches) (Ap, A1, and A2 horizons)
Cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 46 to 71 centimeters (18 to 28 inches) (Bg1 and Bg2 horizons)
Abrupt textural change--at the upper boundary of the 2BC horizon
Udic moisture regime